Increasing and signaling background reinforcement: effect on the foreground response-reinforcer relation.
Increasing and signaling background reinforcement: effect on the foreground response-reinforcer relation.
复制标题
增加和发出信号背景强化：对前景响应-强化关系的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Gene M. Heyman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Belke;Gene M. Heyman
Herrnstein（1970）的双曲线匹配方程描述了反应率和强化率之间的关系。它有两个估计参数k和Re。根据一种解释，k测量运动表现，Re测量相对于背景强化源的维持应答的应答器的功效。实验1通过观察在上下文中添加和移除额外的强化源的效果来测试Re参数的这种解释。使用一个会话内的程序，估计的Re获得的响应-recurcer的关系在一系列的七个可变的间隔时间表。第二个，同时可用的可变间隔强化时间表被添加，然后从上下文中删除。结果表明，当替代品加入到上下文中时，Re值每小时增加107个单位;这接近于从该时间表获得的每小时91个单位。实验2研究了信号背景强化对k和Re的影响。信号降低了Re，但对k没有系统影响。在一般情况下，结果支持Herrnstein的解释，即在设置一个实验者控制的强化源，Re指数的强度，维持响应相对于不受控制的背景源的强化。
Herrnstein's (1970) hyperbolic matching equation describes the relationship between response rate and reinforcement rate. It has two estimated parameters, k and Re. According to one interpretation, k measures motor performance and Re measures the efficacy of the reinforcer maintaining responding relative to background sources of reinforcement. Experiment 1 tested this interpretation of the Re parameter by observing the effect of adding and removing an additional source of reinforcement to the context. Using a within-session procedure, estimates of Re were obtained from the response-reinforcer relation over a series of seven variable-interval schedules. A second, concurrently available variable-interval schedule of reinforcement was added and then removed from the context. Results showed that when the alternative was added to the context, the value of Re increased by 107 reinforcers per hour; this approximated the 91 reinforcers per hour obtained from this schedule. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of signaling background reinforcement on k and Re. The signal decreased Re, but did not have a systematic effect on k. In general, the results supported Herrnstein's interpretation that in settings with one experimenter-controlled reinforcement source, Re indexes the strength of the reinforcer maintaining responding relative to uncontrolled background sources of reinforcement.