Advanced basal cell carcinoma: What dermatologists need to know about diagnosis
Advanced basal cell carcinoma: What dermatologists need to know about diagnosis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.023
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发表时间：
2022-05-13
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Wilson, Melissa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krakowski, Andrew C.;Hafeez, Farhaan;Wilson, Melissa
基底细胞癌(BCC)是人类最常见的癌症，每年约有360万例确诊。在美国，每年约有2000人死于基底细胞和鳞状细胞皮肤癌。紫外线照射与基底细胞癌的发生有直接联系，因为紫外线照射会损伤DNA并诱导肿瘤抑制基因的突变。Hedgehog途径中的异常也可导致BCC，突出的事实是大多数散发性BCC已被发现在涉及Hedgehog途径的不同基因中存在突变。有几种遗传综合征与基底细胞癌相关，包括基底细胞痣综合征、色素性干皮病、Bazex-Dupre-Christol综合征、Rombo综合征和Oley综合征。其他危险因素包括年龄、男性性别、职业危害、辐射和免疫抑制。膀胱癌通常不是分期的，而是根据复发或转移的风险进行分层。局部晚期基底细胞癌是指那些不能接受手术或放射治疗的肿瘤。
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human cancer, with approximately 3.6 million cases diagnosed each year. About 2000 deaths annually in the United States are attributed to basal and squamous cell skin cancers. There is a direct link between ultraviolet exposure and the development of BCC, as UV exposure damages DNA and induces mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Aberrations in the hedgehog pathway can also result in BCC, highlighted by the fact that most cases of sporadic BCCs have been found to have mutations in different genes involved in the hedgehog pathway. There are several genetic syndromes that are associated with BCCs, including basal cell nevus syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome, Rombo syndrome, and Oley syndrome. Other risk factors include age, male gender, occupational hazards, radiation, and immunosuppression. BCCs are not typically staged but are instead stratified by their risk of recurring or metastasizing. Locally advanced BCCs are those tumors that are not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy.