The end of liberal international order?
The end of liberal international order?
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DOI：
10.1093/ia/iix241
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Ikenberry, G. John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ikenberry, G. John
对于自由国际主义者来说，这不是一个快乐的时代。没有人能确定自由国际主义的危机有多深。然而，在下文中，我认为，尽管存在困难，自由国际主义仍然有未来。这场危机的性质令人惊讶。自由国际主义所面临的威胁，预计将来自那些寻求破坏或推翻战后秩序的非西方国家。面对敌对的修正主义国家，美国和欧洲应该肩并肩地保护70年合作的成果。但事实上，自由国际主义受到西方自身发展的威胁更深。战后自由秩序背后的中间派和进步派联盟已经削弱。自由民主本身似乎脆弱而两极分化，容易受到极右翼民粹主义和反弹政治的影响。近几十年来，发达工业民主国家的工人阶级和中产阶级开放合作的国际秩序的最初支持者和受益者面临着日益加剧的经济不平等和停滞。在西方，自由国际主义越来越多地被视为不是志同道合国家之间稳定和团结的源泉，而是富有和有影响力的全球竞争环境。自由国际主义已经失去了与西方国家内部追求社会和经济进步的联系。
These are not happy times for liberal internationalists. No one can be sure how deep the crisis of liberal internationalism runs. However, in what follows, I argue that despite its troubles, liberal internationalism still has a future. The nature of the crisis is surprising. The threats to liberal internationalism were expected to come from rising non-western states seeking to undermine or overturn the postwar order. In the face of hostile, revisionist states, the United States and Europe were expected to stand shoulder to shoulder to protect the gains from 70 years of cooperation. But, in fact, liberal internationalism is more deeply threatened by developments within the West itself. The centrist and progressive coalitions that lay behind the postwar liberal order have weakened. Liberal democracy itself appears fragile and polarized, vulnerable to far right populism and backlash politics. In recent decades, the working and middle classes in advanced industrial democracies-the original constituencies and beneficiaries of an open and cooperative international order-have faced rising economic inequality and stagnation. Within the West, liberal internationalism is increasingly seen, not as a source of stability and solidarity among like-minded states, but as a global playing field for the wealthy and influential. Liberal internationalism has lost its connection to the pursuit of social and economic advancement within western countries.