Take the money and run: Economic segregation in US metropolitan areas
Take the money and run: Economic segregation in US metropolitan areas
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DOI：
10.2307/2096304
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Jargowsky, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jargowsky, PA
与按种族划分的居住隔离相比，经济隔离在最近的实证文献中受到的关注相对较少。然而，关于威尔逊（1987）的假设，即非洲裔美国人之间日益严重的经济隔离在城市贫民区的形成中发挥了作用，引起了激烈的争论。我对Massey和Eggers（1990）使用的经济隔离措施提出了方法论批评，并认为他们的措施混淆了收入分配的变化与空间变化。我开发了一个“纯”的经济隔离措施的基础上的相关性比率和目前的调查结果为所有美国大都市地区从1970年到1990年。在20世纪70年代和80年代，白人、黑人和西班牙裔的经济隔离稳步增加，但。在20世纪80年代，黑人和西班牙裔美国人的增长特别大和普遍。我探索这些变化的原因在一个简化的形式，固定效应模型。社会距离和结构性经济转型影响经济隔离，但该模型无法解释20世纪80年代少数族裔经济隔离的大幅增加。经济隔离的迅速增加，特别是在种族隔离最近虽小但有所减少的情况下，对城市政策、减贫政策和城市社区的稳定产生了重要影响。
Compared to residential segregation by race, economic segregation has received relatively little attention in recent empirical literature. Yet a heated debate has arisen concerning Wilson's (1987) hypothesis that increasing economic segregation among African Americans plays a role in the formation of urban ghettos. I present a methodological critique of the measure of economic segregation used by Massey and Eggers (1990) and argue that their measure confounds changes in the income distribution with spatial changes. I develop a ''pure'' measure of economic segregation based on the correlation ratio and present findings for all U.S. metropolitan areas from 1970 to 1990. Economic segregation increased steadily for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics in the 1970s and 1980s, but. the increases have been particularly large and widespread for Blacks and Hispanics in the 1980s. I explore the causes of these changes in a reduced-form, fixed-effects model. Social distance and structural economic transformations affect economic segregation, bur the large increases in economic segregation among minorities in the 1980s cannot be explained by the model. These rapid increases in economic segregation, especially in the context of recent, albeit small, declines in racial segregation, have important implications for urban policy, poverty policy, and the stability of urban communities.