Hantaviruses and Their Hosts in Europe: Reservoirs Here and There, But Not Everywhere?
Hantaviruses and Their Hosts in Europe: Reservoirs Here and There, But Not Everywhere?
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DOI：
10.1089/vbz.2009.0138
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Henttonen, Heikki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olsson, Gert E.;Leirs, Herwig;Henttonen, Heikki
已知有五种汉坦病毒在欧洲啮齿动物中传播，至少有两种在食虫动物中传播。四种（Dobrava、萨雷马、首尔和普马拉[PUUV]病毒）明显与肾综合征出血热（HFRS）相关。PUUV是欧洲HFRS最常见的病原体，由欧洲分布最广、数量最多的哺乳动物之一的河岸田鼠（Myodes glareolus）携带。这种宿主病毒系统是汉他病毒中的一种，也是欧洲研究最多的一种。然而，HFRS的发病率在整个非洲大陆各不相同。HFRS发生的空间和时间变化与欧洲不同生物群落中水库啮齿动物种群动态的地理差异有关。虽然啮齿动物的丰度可能遵循桅杆播种事件在欧洲温带的许多地区，在北方（N）欧洲的人口密度的多年周期存在的啮齿动物种群和专业捕食者种群之间的相互作用的结果，在一个延迟的密度依赖的方式。汉坦病毒的空间分布还取决于一些参数，如森林斑块大小和最适宜啮齿动物栖息地的连通性，病毒在宿主外的生存条件，以及宿主和病毒的历史分布模式（地理分布）。在啮齿动物种群的多年波动中，随着种群的大幅增长，人们应该预期最近感染汉坦病毒（脱落）的啮齿动物同时增加。传染性、病毒脱落啮齿动物数量的增加导致汉坦病毒在啮齿动物种群中快速传播，并传播给人类。我们的审查讨论了这些方面的PUUV，唯一的欧洲汉他病毒，有一个合理的，但仍然远远没有完成，生态大陆范围内的理解。我们将讨论如何将这些信息转化为其他欧洲汉他病毒宿主系统，以及最重要的问题在于进一步的研究。
Five hantaviruses are known to circulate among rodents in Europe, and at least two among insectivores. Four (Dobrava, Saaremaa, Seoul, and Puumala [PUUV] viruses) are clearly associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). PUUV, the most common etiological agent of HFRS in Europe, is carried by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), one of the most widespread and abundant mammal species in Europe. This host-virus system is among hantaviruses also the most studied one in Europe. However, HFRS incidence varies throughout the continent. The spatial as well as temporal variation in the occurrence of HFRS is linked to geographic differences in the population dynamics of the reservoir rodents in different biomes of Europe. While rodent abundance may follow mast seeding events in many parts of temperate Europe, in northern (N) Europe multiannual cycles in population density exist as the result of the interaction between rodent populations and specialist predator populations in a delayed density-dependent manner. The spatial distribution of hantaviruses further depends on parameters such as forest patch size and connectivity of the most suitable rodent habitats, and the conditions for the survival of the virus outside the host, as well as historical distribution patterns (phylogeographies) of hosts and viruses. In multiannually fluctuating populations of rodents, with population increases of great amplitude, one should expect a simultaneous build-up of recently hantavirus-infected (shedding) rodents. The increasing number of infectious, virus-shedding rodents leads to a rapid transmission of hantavirus across the rodent population, and to humans. Our review discusses these aspects for PUUV, the only European hantavirus for which there is a reasonable, yet still far from complete, ecological continental-wide understanding. We discuss how this information could translate to other European hantavirus-host systems, and where the most important questions lie for further research.