Do sons reduce parental mortality?

Do sons reduce parental mortality?
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DOI:
10.1136/jech.2010.123323
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发表时间:
2012-08
影响因子:
6.3
通讯作者:
Goldman N
Goldman N
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pham-Kanter G;Goldman N

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尽管儿子被认为比女儿给母亲带来更大的生理成本,但在某些社会背景下,儿子可能对父母的生存有利。我们调查了当代中国和台湾子代的性别组成与父母存活率的关系。由于在这些人群中,男孩在为年迈的父母提供支持方面非常重要,我们假设相对于女儿,男孩会对父母的生存产生有利的影响。我们使用了中国人健康寿命纵向调查(CLHLS)和台湾老龄化纵向研究(TLSA)的数据。2002年,我们的CLHLS样本包括4132名65岁以上的人。我们的TLSA样本包括两个队列:1989年年龄在60岁以上的3409人和1996年年龄在50-66岁的2193人。这些队列分别被跟踪了3年、18年和11年。我们使用COX比例风险模型来估计子代性别构成与双亲死亡率之间的关系。根据7项性别构成指标,我们发现中国和台湾都没有男婴的保护作用。例如,在1989年的台湾样本中,与长子有关的孕产妇死亡风险比为0.979(95%CI(0.863,1.111))。在台湾,近年来,在降低死亡率方面,女儿可能比儿子更有利。我们为这些发现提供了几种解释,包括女儿提供的情感和人际形式的支持可能带来的好处,以及父母和常驻儿媳之间产生的冲突的负面影响。
Although sons are thought to impose greater physiological costs on mothers than daughters, sons may be advantageous for parental survival in some social contexts. We examined the relationship between the sex composition of offspring and parental survival in contemporary China and Taiwan. Because of the importance of sons for the provision of support to elderly parents in these populations, we hypothesized that sons would have a beneficial effect on parental survival relative to daughters. We used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging (TLSA). Our CLHLS sample consisted of 4132 individuals ages 65+ in 2002. Our TLSA sample comprised two cohorts: 3409 persons aged 60+ in 1989 and 2193 persons aged 50–66 in 1996.These cohorts were followed for 3, 18, and 11 years, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the relationship between the sex composition of offspring and parental mortality. Based on 7 measures of sex composition, we find no protective effect of sons in either China or Taiwan. For example, in the 1989 Taiwan sample, the hazard ratio for maternal mortality associated with having an eldest son is 0.979 (95% CI (0.863, 1.111)). In Taiwan, daughters may have been more beneficial than sons in reducing mortality in recent years. We offer several explanations for these findings, including possible benefits associated with emotional and interpersonal forms of support provided by daughters and negative impacts of conflicts arising between parents and resident daughters-in-law.
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