Preschoolers mistrust ignorant and inaccurate speakers
Preschoolers mistrust ignorant and inaccurate speakers
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00849.x
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Harris, PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koenig, MA;Harris, PL
能够评估线人的准确性对于沟通至关重要。三项实验探讨了学龄前儿童 (N=119) 的理解，即在发生冲突的情况下，来自可靠线人的信息优于来自不可靠线人的信息。在实验 1 中，向孩子们展示了以前准确和不准确的信息提供者，他们为新物体提供了相互矛盾的名称。 4 岁的孩子（而非 3 岁的孩子）会预测某个线人未来是否准确，会从准确的线人那里寻求并认可信息，而不是不准确的线人。在实验 2 中，两个年龄段的人都表现出对知识渊博的人的信任，而不是对无知的人的信任。在实验 3 中，孩子们在学习言语和非言语信息时扩展了选择性信任。这些实验表明，学龄前儿童有评估信息可靠性的关键策略。
Being able to evaluate the accuracy of an informant is essential to communication. Three experiments explored preschoolers' (N=119) understanding that, in cases of conflict, information from reliable informants is preferable to information from unreliable informants. In Experiment 1, children were presented with previously accurate and inaccurate informants who presented conflicting names for novel objects. 4-year-olds-but not 3-year-olds-predicted whether an informant would be accurate in the future, sought, and endorsed information from the accurate over the inaccurate informant. In Experiment 2, both age groups displayed trust in knowledgeable over ignorant speakers. In Experiment 3, children extended selective trust when learning both verbal and nonverbal information. These experiments demonstrate that preschoolers have a key strategy for assessing the reliability of information.