Missing and Possible Link between Neuroendocrine Factors, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Microglia.
Missing and Possible Link between Neuroendocrine Factors, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Microglia.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnint.2013.00053
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kanba S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kato TA;Hayakawa K;Monji A;Kanba S
长期以来，内分泌系统一直被认为是神经精神疾病的重要因素之一，但其潜在机制尚未得到很好的理解。传统上，神经精神疾病主要被认为是神经回路异常的结果。除了神经元学说之外，小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中具有炎症/免疫功能的胶质细胞之一，最近被认为在神经精神疾病中发挥重要作用。然而，神经内分泌因子、神经精神疾病和小胶质细胞之间的相互作用尚未得到解决。因此，我们在此介绍和讨论这三个因素之间缺失的和可能的联系；特别强调以下激素；(1)下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴相关激素，如促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）和糖皮质激素；(2)性相关激素，如雌激素和孕激素；(3)催产素。越来越多的证据表明，这些激素对小胶质细胞有直接影响。我们假设激素诱导的小胶质细胞激活和以下小胶质细胞衍生的介质可能导致包括突触功能障碍在内的神经网络适应不良，从而导致神经精神疾病。未来研究阐明神经内分泌因子和小胶质细胞之间的关系可能有助于对神经精神疾病的病理生理学有新的认识。
Endocrine systems have long been suggested to be one of the important factors in neuropsychiatric disorders, while the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood. Traditionally, neuropsychiatric disorders have been mainly considered the consequence of abnormal conditions in neural circuitry. Beyond the neuronal doctrine, microglia, one of the glial cells with inflammatory/immunological functions in the central nervous system (CNS), have recently been suggested to play important roles in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the crosstalk between neuroendocrine factors, neuropsychiatric disorders, and microglia has been unsolved. Therefore, we herein introduce and discuss a missing and possible link between these three factors; especially highlighting the following hormones; (1) Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis-related hormones such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and glucocorticoids, (2) sex-related hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, and (3) oxytocin. A growing body of evidence has suggested that these hormones have a direct effect on microglia. We hypothesize that hormone-induced microglial activation and the following microglia-derived mediators may lead to maladaptive neuronal networks including synaptic dysfunctions, causing neuropsychiatric disorders. Future investigations to clarify the correlation between neuroendocrine factors and microglia may contribute to a novel understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.