DNMT3L facilitates DNA methylation partly by maintaining DNMT3A stability in mouse embryonic stem cells.

DNMT3L facilitates DNA methylation partly by maintaining DNMT3A stability in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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DNMT3L 部分通过维持小鼠胚胎干细胞中 DNMT3A 的稳定性来促进 DNA 甲基化。

DOI:
10.1093/nar/gky947
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发表时间:
2019-01-10
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Chen T
Chen T
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Veland N;Lu Y;Hardikar S;Gaddis S;Zeng Y;Liu B;Estecio MR;Takata Y;Lin K;Tomida MW;Shen J;Saha D;Gowher H;Zhao H;Chen T

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DNMT3L(DNMT3 样)是 DNMT3 家族的成员,不具有 DNA 甲基转移酶活性,但可调节 DNA 从头甲基化。虽然生化研究表明 DNMT3L 能够与 DNMT3A 和 DNMT3B 相互作用并刺激它们的酶活性,但遗传证据表明 DNMT3L 对于生殖细胞中 DNMT3A 介导的从头甲基化至关重要,但对于胚胎发生过程中的从头甲基化是可有可无的,胚胎发生过程主要由 DNMT3B 介导。 DNMT3L 如何调节 DNA 甲基化以及决定其功能特异性的因素尚不清楚。在这里,我们发现 DNMT3L 缺陷的小鼠胚胎干细胞 (mESC) 表现出 DNMT3A 的下调,尤其是 DNMT3A2(mESC 中主要的 DNMT3A 同工型)。 DNMT3L 缺陷型 mESC 的 DNA 甲基化分析揭示了许多 DNMT3A 靶区域的低甲基化。这些结果证实 DNMT3L 是 DNA 甲基化的正调节因子,这与之前的报道相反,即在 mESC 中,DNMT3L 根据基因组区域正向或负向调节 DNA 甲基化。从机制上讲,DNMT3L 与 DNMT3A2 形成复合物并防止 DNMT3A2 降解。在 DNMT3L 缺陷的 mESC 中恢复 DNMT3A 蛋白水平可部分恢复 DNA 甲基化。因此,我们的工作揭示了 DNMT3L 在维持 DNMT3A 稳定性中的作用,这有助于 DNMT3L 对 DNMT3A 依赖性 DNA 甲基化的影响。
DNMT3L (DNMT3-like), a member of the DNMT3 family, has no DNA methyltransferase activity but regulates de novo DNA methylation. While biochemical studies show that DNMT3L is capable of interacting with both DNMT3A and DNMT3B and stimulating their enzymatic activities, genetic evidence suggests that DNMT3L is essential for DNMT3A-mediated de novo methylation in germ cells but is dispensable for de novo methylation during embryogenesis, which is mainly mediated by DNMT3B. How DNMT3L regulates DNA methylation and what determines its functional specificity are not well understood. Here we show that DNMT3L-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) exhibit downregulation of DNMT3A, especially DNMT3A2, the predominant DNMT3A isoform in mESCs. DNA methylation analysis of DNMT3L-deficient mESCs reveals hypomethylation at many DNMT3A target regions. These results confirm that DNMT3L is a positive regulator of DNA methylation, contrary to a previous report that, in mESCs, DNMT3L regulates DNA methylation positively or negatively, depending on genomic regions. Mechanistically, DNMT3L forms a complex with DNMT3A2 and prevents DNMT3A2 from being degraded. Restoring the DNMT3A protein level in DNMT3L-deficient mESCs partially recovers DNA methylation. Thus, our work uncovers a role for DNMT3L in maintaining DNMT3A stability, which contributes to the effect of DNMT3L on DNMT3A-dependent DNA methylation.
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