Low-oxygen waters limited habitable space for early animals.
Low-oxygen waters limited habitable space for early animals.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms12818
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发表时间：
2016-09-23
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Clarkson, M. O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tostevin, R.;Wood, R. A.;Shields, G. A.;Poulton, S. W.;Guilbaud, R.;Bowyer, F.;Penny, A. M.;He, T.;Curtis, A.;Hoffmann, K. H.;Clarkson, M. O.
在新元古代（10亿至5.41亿年前，Ma）开始时，海洋主要是缺氧的，但可能已经逐渐氧化，与动物生命的兴起相一致。然而，氧气对早期动物生态系统发展的控制仍然不清楚，因为以前的研究集中在确定完全缺氧或好氧条件，而不是中间氧化还原水平。在这里，我们报告的异常铈富集保存在碳酸盐岩横跨测深盆地断面从九个地方的纳马组，纳米比亚（550-541马）。结合铁基氧化还原代理，这些数据表明，低氧条件发生在一个狭窄的区域之间的充氧良好的表面沃茨和完全缺氧的深层沃茨。虽然在氧合良好的环境中数量丰富，但早期骨骼动物并没有占据大陆架的缺氧区域，这表明氧气的可用性（可能>10 μM）是早期动物生态系统发展的关键要求。 氧气在支持早期动物生态系统中的重要性尚不清楚，因为大多数代理人无法区分良好的含氧和中间沃茨。在这里，作者表明，早期的骨骼动物仅限于氧气充足的栖息地，这表明它们有很高的代谢需氧量。
The oceans at the start of the Neoproterozoic Era (1,000–541 million years ago, Ma) were dominantly anoxic, but may have become progressively oxygenated, coincident with the rise of animal life. However, the control that oxygen exerted on the development of early animal ecosystems remains unclear, as previous research has focussed on the identification of fully anoxic or oxic conditions, rather than intermediate redox levels. Here we report anomalous cerium enrichments preserved in carbonate rocks across bathymetric basin transects from nine localities of the Nama Group, Namibia (∼550–541 Ma). In combination with Fe-based redox proxies, these data suggest that low-oxygen conditions occurred in a narrow zone between well-oxygenated surface waters and fully anoxic deep waters. Although abundant in well-oxygenated environments, early skeletal animals did not occupy oxygen impoverished regions of the shelf, demonstrating that oxygen availability (probably >10 μM) was a key requirement for the development of early animal-based ecosystems. The importance of oxygen in supporting early animal ecosystems is unclear because most proxies are unable to distinguish well-oxygenated from intermediate waters. Here, the authors show that early skeletal animals were restricted to well-oxygenated habitats, suggesting they had a high metabolic oxygen demand.
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