Small Molecule, Big Prospects: MicroRNA in Pregnancy and Its Complications.
Small Molecule, Big Prospects: MicroRNA in Pregnancy and Its Complications.
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DOI：
10.1155/2017/6972732
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Ahmed A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cai M;Kolluru GK;Ahmed A
MicroRNA 是小的非编码 RNA 分子，可在转录后水平调节靶基因表达。与 siRNA 不同，microRNA 在基因表达调控中是“微调器”而不是“开关”；因此，它们在维持组织稳态方面发挥着关键作用。异常的 microRNA 表达与疾病过程有关。迄今为止，大量研究已经证明了 microRNA 在各种病理生理条件下的调节作用。相比之下，妊娠期 microRNA 及其相关并发症（如先兆子痫 (PE)、胎儿生长受限 (FGR) 和早产）的研究是一个年轻领域。在过去的十年中，与妊娠相关的 microRNA 的知识不断增加，并且 microRNA 调节妊娠或其相关并发症的分子机制也不断出现。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注妊娠相关microRNA的研究进展，特别是它们在妊娠相关并发症中的功能及其潜在的临床应用。这里，与妊娠相关的 microRNA 根据其定位和来源分为胎盘特异性、胎盘相关、胎盘来源的循环和子宫 microRNA。 MicroRNA 为开发妊娠相关疾病的诊断和治疗靶点提供了巨大的潜力。
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate target gene expression in the posttranscriptional level. Unlike siRNA, microRNAs are “fine-tuners” rather than “switches” in the regulation of gene expression; thus they play key roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The aberrant microRNA expression is implicated in the disease process. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of microRNAs in various pathophysiological conditions. In contrast, the study of microRNA in pregnancy and its associated complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preterm labor, is a young field. Over the last decade, the knowledge of pregnancy-related microRNAs has increased and the molecular mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate pregnancy or its associated complications are emerging. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the research of pregnancy-related microRNAs, especially their function in pregnancy-associated complications and the potential clinical applications. Here microRNAs that associate with pregnancy are classified as placenta-specific, placenta-associated, placenta-derived circulating, and uterine microRNA according to their localization and origin. MicroRNAs offer a great potential for developing diagnostic and therapeutic targets in pregnancy-related disorders.