Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific ocean
Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific ocean
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.10.001
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Sheavly, Seba B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doyle, Miriam J.;Watson, William;Sheavly, Seba B.
本研究的目的是检查在东北太平洋生态系统中常规收集的浮游生物样本中塑料颗粒的分布、丰度和特征，并为今后研究海洋浮游生态系统中小型塑料碎片的发生和影响提供思路。作为国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）正在进行的生态系统调查的一部分，在2006年春季和秋季在白令海东南部进行的两次研究巡航中以及在2006年春季、夏季和秋季以及2007年1月在美国西海岸（主要在加州南部）进行的四次研究巡航中，对浮游动物样本中的塑料碎片颗粒进行了评估。在所有考察期间，使用0.505毫米网眼的网收集表层样品，在西海岸以外的四次考察期间，使用网收集地下样品。处理的595个浮游生物样本表明，塑料颗粒广泛分布在表层沃茨中。每次巡航的表层样本中含有塑料颗粒的比例从8.75%到84.0%不等，而只有一次巡航的次表层样本中记录到了塑料颗粒（2007年1月样本的28.2%）。塑料颗粒的丰度和分布存在明显的时空变异性，各航次的平均标准化数量各不相同，范围为0.004-0.19颗粒/立方米和0.014-0.209毫克干质量/立方米。在加州南部外海，冬季巡航的数量明显高于夏季和秋季调查（地面数据），而春季巡航的数量明显低于夏季和秋季调查（地面数据）。白令海和加州海岸调查的表面颗粒浓度和质量之间的差异显着的成对比较的春天，但不是秋季巡航。颗粒被分配到三种塑料产品类型：产品碎片，渔网和鱼线纤维，和工业颗粒;和五个尺寸类别：2.5-5 mm，>5-10 mm，和>10 mm。产品碎片占颗粒的大部分，大多数小于2.5 mm的尺寸。这些颗粒在调查区域的普遍性和主要尺寸
The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution, abundance and characteristics of plastic particles in plankton samples collected routinely in Northeast Pacific ecosystems, and to contribute to the development of ideas for future research into the occurrence and impact of small plastic debris in marine pelagic ecosystems. Plastic debris particles were assessed from zooplankton samples collected as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ongoing ecosystem surveys during two research cruises in the Southeast Bering Sea in the spring and fall of 2006 and four research cruises off the U.S. west coast (primarily off southern California) in spring, summer and fall of 2006, and in January of 2007. Nets with 0.505 mm mesh were used to collect surface samples during all cruises, and subsurface samples during the four cruises off the west coast. The 595 plankton samples processed indicate that plastic particles are widely distributed in surface waters. The proportion of surface samples from each cruise that contained particles of plastic ranged from 8.75 to 84.0%, whereas particles were recorded in sub-surface samples from only one cruise (in 28.2% of the January 2007 samples). Spatial and temporal variability was apparent in the abundance and distribution of the plastic particles and mean standardized quantities varied among cruises with ranges of 0.004-0.19 particles/m(3), and 0.014-0.209 mg dry mass/m(3). Off southern California, quantities for the winter cruise were significantly higher, and for the spring cruise significantly lower than for the summer and fall surveys (surface data). Differences between surface particle concentrations and mass for the Bering Sea and California coast surveys were significant for pair-wise comparisons of the spring but not the fall cruises. The particles were assigned to three plastic product types: product fragments, fishing net and line fibers, and industrial pellets: and five size categories: 2.5-5 mm, >5-10 mm, and >10 mm. Product fragments accounted for the majority of the particles, and most were less than 2.5 mm in size. The ubiquity of such particles in the survey areas and predominance of sizes