Productivity of the agroforestry systems and its contribution to household income among farmers in Lushoto District, Tanzania
Productivity of the agroforestry systems and its contribution to household income among farmers in Lushoto District, Tanzania
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坦桑尼亚卢肖托地区农林业系统的生产力及其对农民家庭收入的贡献
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
O. Mzirai
中科院分区：
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作者：
B. Namwata;Z. Masanyiwa;O. Mzirai
本文调查了坦桑尼亚坦加Lushoto区农林复合系统的生产力及其对农户收入的贡献。具体而言，研究的目的是确定和比较农户的农业生产水平和纯收入之间的实践和不实践农林。来自Soni和Ubiri区四个村庄的134名受访者参与了调查。资料收集采用结构式问卷、焦点小组讨论和非参与性观察。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）计算机软件进行响应的分布、集中趋势和分散以及多元线性回归分析。结果表明，农户农林复合经营对农户农业生产水平和纯收入的贡献显著高于非农林复合经营的农户。考虑到平均农场面积为3.1公顷，2.3头牛和9.2只鸡，实行农林业的农民的年产量为玉米425.9公斤，豆类225.7公斤，咖啡101.1公斤，香蕉163.9串，999.12升和373.5个鸡蛋，而玉米342.6公斤，豆类202.1公斤，为不从事农林业的农民提供了75公斤咖啡、108串香蕉、1 120.6升牛奶和338.6个鸡蛋。从事和不从事农林业的农民的平均家庭年净收入分别为664 992坦桑尼亚先令和547 608坦桑尼亚先令。从事农林业的农民人均收入为100 756坦桑尼亚先令，不从事农林业的农民人均收入为82 971坦桑尼亚先令。然而，家庭农业生产和净收入水平普遍低于其他农林系统的大多数调查结果。一些农民部分采用了农林技术（一些家庭只有很少的树木/灌木用于木材、饲料、水果、木柴等），管理不善是由于推广服务不足、大多数农业投入价格较高、土壤肥力低和生产者价格不具吸引力等制约因素造成的。因此，克服这些制约因素可以提高并可能维持农林系统的生产力及其对家庭收入的贡献。
This paper investigates the productivity of the agroforestry systems and its contribution to household income among farmers in Lushoto District, Tanga, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to determine and compare the level of household's farm production and net income between farmers practicing and not practicing agroforestry. A total of 134 respondents from four villages in Soni and Ubiri wards were involved. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and through non-participant observation. Distribution of responses, central tendency and dispersion, and multiple linear regression analyses were carried using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer software. Results indicate that farmers practicing agroforestry had significantly higher contribution to the household's level of farm production and net income than those who were not practicing agroforestry. Given the average farm size of 3.1 ha, 2.3 cows and 9.2 chicken, the annual production for farmers practicing agroforestry was 425.9 kg for maize, beans 225.7 kg, coffee 101.1 kg, and 163.9 bunches of banana, 999.12 litres and 373.5 eggs compared to 342.6 kg of maize, 202.1 kg of beans, 75 kg of coffee, 108 bunches of banana, 1120.6 litres of milk and 338.6 eggs for farmers not practicing agroforestry. The average household annual net income was Tshs 664,992 and 547,608 for farmers practicing and not practicing agroforestry respectively. The income per capita was Tshs 100,756 for farmers practicing and Tshs 82,971 for farmers’ not practicing agroforestry. However, the level of household farm production and net income was generally lower compared to most findings from other agroforestry systems. There was partial adoption of the agroforestry technologies by some farmers (some households had few numbers of trees/shrubs for timber, fodder, fruits, firewood etc) and poor management which resulted from constraints like inadequate extension services, higher prices of most of the agricultural inputs, low soil fertility and unattractive producer prices. Therefore, overcoming these constraints could improve and probably sustain productivity of the agroforestry systems and its contribution to household income.