Opposing intraspecific vs. interspecific diversity effects on herbivory and growth in subtropical experimental tree assemblages
Opposing intraspecific vs. interspecific diversity effects on herbivory and growth in subtropical experimental tree assemblages
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DOI：
10.1093/jpe/rtw098
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Durka, Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hahn, Christoph Z.;Niklaus, Pascal A.;Durka, Walter
积极的植物多样性生态系统功能的关系最终是由形成一个社区的个体之间的功能性状的变化。迄今为止，研究主要集中在物种多样性对生态系统功能的作用。然而，大量的种内性状变异是常见的，并且这种变异的重要部分是由个体之间的遗传差异引起的。在这里，我们研究了物种多样性和种子家庭（SF）的物种内的多样性的相对重要性，在实验亚热带树木associations.MethodsIn 2010年，我们建立了一个在亚热带中国的实地实验，使用四个物种从当地的物种库。树是从种子中培育出来的，来自同一棵母树的种子形成了一个SF。我们建立了23个地块，其中包含一个或四个物种（物种多样性处理）和一个或四个SF每种（SF多样性处理）。2011 - 2013年，对林木生长（茎粗、株高和冠幅）和食草性（由食叶虫引起的叶片损失百分比）进行了监测。相比之下，SF的多样性减少的增长和增加草食动物，但只有在物种的混合物。大多数观察到的影响都是时间依赖性的，2013年发现的影响最大。我们的研究结果表明，生物多样性可以直接影响植物的性能，通过树种种间相互作用，或上下文依赖，通过潜在的影响营养间的相互作用。从我们的研究结果中可以得出两个重要结论。首先，在未来关于生物多样性和生态系统功能（BEF）关系的研究中，种内遗传多样性应被赋予与物种多样性相似的权重，因为它经常被忽视，其影响也没有得到很好的理解。其次，我们证明了物种之间和物种内部的生物多样性的相反影响，强调同时考虑多个层次的生物多样性的影响的重要性。
AimsPositive plant diversity-ecosystem function relations are ultimately driven by variation in functional traits among individuals that form a community. To date, research has largely focused on the role of species diversity for ecosystem functioning. However, substantial intraspecific trait variation is common and a significant part of this variation caused by genetic differences among individuals. Here, we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family (SF) diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree assemblages.MethodsIn 2010, we set up a field experiment in subtropical China, using four species from the local species pool. Trees were raised from seeds, with seeds from the same mother tree forming an SF. We established 23 plots containing one or four species (species diversity treatment) and one or four SFs per species (SF diversity treatment). Tree growth (stem diameter, plant height and crown expansion) and herbivory (percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers) were monitored annually from 2011 to 2013.Important findingsTree species richness promoted growth but had no effect on herbivory. In contrast, SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species mixtures. Most of the observed effects were time dependent, with the largest effect found in 2013. Our results suggest that biodiversity can affect plant performance directly via tree species-species interactions, or context dependent, via potential effects on inter-trophic interactions. Two important conclusions should be drawn from our findings. Firstly, in future studies regarding biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships, intraspecific genetic diversity should be given similar weight as species diversity as it has often been neglected and its effects are not well understood. Secondly, we demonstrate opposite effects of biodiversity among and within species, stressing the importance to consider the effects of multiple levels of biodiversity simultaneously.