Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.
Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.
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DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.100.4.569
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发表时间：
1991-11
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
我认为人们对自己抑郁症状的反应方式会影响这些症状的持续时间。那些对抑郁进行反刍反应的人，专注于他们的症状以及症状的可能原因和后果，会比那些采取行动分散注意力的人表现出更长时间的抑郁。沉思反应延长了抑郁，因为它们允许抑郁情绪消极地影响思考，干扰工具性行为和解决问题。直接测试这一理论的实验室和实地研究支持了它的预测。我讨论了反应方式如何解释女性比男性更容易患抑郁症。然后，我将这种反应风格理论与应对离散事件的研究结合起来。反应风格理论与其他关于抑郁持续时间的理论进行了比较。最后，我提出了可以帮助抑郁症患者停止沉思反应的方法，以及抑郁症的反应方式可能会如何发展。
I propose that the ways people respond to their own symptoms of depression influence the duration of these symptoms. People who engage in ruminative responses to depression, focusing on their symptoms and the possible causes and consequences of their symptoms, will show longer depressions than people who take action to distract themselves from their symptoms. Ruminative responses prolong depression because they allow the depressed mood to negatively bias thinking and interfere with instrumental behavior and problem-solving. Laboratory and field studies directly testing this theory have supported its predictions. I discuss how response styles can explain the greater likelihood of depression in women than men. Then I intergrate this response styles theory with studies of coping with discrete events. The response styles theory is compared to other theories of the duration of depression. Finally, I suggest what may help a depressed person to stop engaging in ruminative responses and how response styles for depression may develop.