Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms
Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2002655117
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发表时间：
2020-08-11
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Gauthier, Paul P. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Asseng, Senthold;Guarin, Jose R.;Gauthier, Paul P. G.
扩大目前的谷物生产以满足不断增长的全球人口的需求将是一项挑战。小麦提供了人类饮食中大约五分之一的卡路里和蛋白质。垂直农业是增加未来小麦产量的一个可能的有前途的选择。在这里，我们表明，在一个10层室内垂直设施中，在一公顷土地上种植的小麦，在优化的温度、密集的人工光、高CO2水平和最大可达到的收获指数下，每年可以生产700 +/- 40 t/ha（测量值）到最大1，940 +/- 230 t/ha（估计值）的谷物。这一产量将是目前世界小麦平均年产量3.2吨/公顷的220至600倍。不受气候、季节和地区的影响，室内小麦种植在环境上可能是上级的，因为沿着更少的土地面积，大部分水的再利用，杀虫剂和除草剂的使用最少，而且没有营养损失。虽然室内小麦种植在不久的将来不太可能在经济上与当前的市场价格竞争，但它可以在对冲未来气候或粮食系统的其他意外中断方面发挥重要作用。然而，最大的生产潜力仍有待实验证实，需要进一步的技术创新，以减少这些设施的资本和能源成本。
Scaling current cereal production to a growing global population will be a challenge. Wheat supplies approximately one-fifth of the calories and protein for human diets. Vertical farming is a possible promising option for increasing future wheat production. Here we show that wheat grown on a single hectare of land in a 10-layer indoor vertical facility could produce from 700 +/- 40 t/ha (measured) to a maximum of 1,940 +/- 230 t/ha (estimated) of grain annually under optimized temperature, intensive artificial light, high CO2 levels, and a maximum attainable harvest index. Such yields would be 220 to 600 times the current world average annual wheat yield of 3.2 t/ha. Independent of climate, season, and region, indoor wheat farming could be environmentally superior, as less land area is needed along with reuse of most water, minimal use of pesticides and herbicides, and no nutrient losses. Although it is unlikely that indoor wheat farming will be economically competitive with current market prices in the near future, it could play an essential role in hedging against future climate or other unexpected disruptions to the food system. Nevertheless, maximum production potential remains to be confirmed experimentally, and further technological innovations are needed to reduce capital and energy costs in such facilities.