Climatic warming increases voltinism in European butterflies and moths
Climatic warming increases voltinism in European butterflies and moths
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.1910
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发表时间：
2010-04-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Altermatt, Florian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altermatt, Florian
气候变化正在改变许多生物的地理范围、种群动态和物候。对于外温动物来说，环境温度的升高经常会对代谢率、活动模式和发育率产生直接影响。因此，在许多昆虫物种中，季节持续时间的较早开始和延长与最近的全球变暖平行发生。然而，从生态和进化的角度来看，世代数量和对每一代的投资可能比季节性更重要，因为每单位时间增加一代可能会加速种群增长或适应。使用一个追溯到19世纪中叶的数据集，我报告了中欧蝴蝶和蛾类物种卷曲性的变化。在1980年后的暖期，263种多化性物种中，263种植物的世代频率明显高于第一代，其中44种物种的世代数在1980年后有所增加。预期的生态后果是不同的。由于多伏性与昆虫暴发有关，其中包括农业和林业食草性害虫的丰度增加。然而，与多卷化和寄主植物物候相关的发育同步性的中断也可能降低适合度，可能对受保护关注的物种产生意想不到的后果。物种进化地适应不断变化的环境的能力可以通过增加卷积作用来促进。
Climate change is altering geographical ranges, population dynamics and phenologies of many organisms. For ectotherms, increased ambient temperatures frequently have direct consequences for metabolic rates, activity patterns and developmental rates. Consequently, in many insect species both an earlier beginning and prolongation of seasonal duration occurred in parallel with recent global warming. However, from an ecological and evolutionary perspective, the number of generations (voltinism) and investment into each generation may be even more important than seasonality, since an additional generation per unit time may accelerate population growth or adaptation. Using a dataset extending back to the mid-nineteenth century, I report changes in the voltinism of butterfly and moth species of Central Europe. A significant proportion of 263 multi-voltine species showed augmented frequency of second and subsequent generations relative to the first generation in a warm period since 1980, and 44 species even increased the number of generations after 1980. Expected ecological consequences are diverse. Since multi-voltinism has been linked to insect outbreaks they include an increase in the abundance of herbivorous pests of agriculture and forestry. However, disruption of the developmental synchrony associated with multi-voltinism and host plant phenology may also reduce fitness, potentially having unexpected consequences for species of conservation concern. The ability of species to adapt evolutionarily to a changing environment may be facilitated by increased voltinism.