Auxiliaires, langues romanes et grammaticalisation
Auxiliaires, langues romanes et grammaticalisation
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辅助语、罗马语和语法化
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发表时间：
1999
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通讯作者：
Béatrice Lamiroy
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作者：
Béatrice Lamiroy
本文的目的是在语法化理论的框架内比较法语、西班牙语和意大利语这三种罗曼语言中的助动词类别。语法化被定义为词汇项逐渐转换为语法标记的过程，即元素可以随着时间的推移从一个语言成分移动到另一个语言成分（从词汇到语法，最终到形态成分）的动态操作。助动词是在句法和语义基础上定义的：形式上，它们是动词，后跟非有限动词形式（这里只考虑不定式），在语义上，它们表达三个概念概念之一：时间、方面或情态。该论文的主要观点是，法语是三种语言中语法化程度最高的语言，而西班牙语则是语法化程度最低的语言。支持这一假设的经验证据涉及三种数据：可以作为 AUX 类别成员进行分析的动词数量、有关主语 NP（±人类 NP）的选择属性以及不定式补语与 NP 补语的可能交替。
The aim of the paper is to compare the class of auxiliary verbs in three Romance languages, French, Spanish and Italian, in the framework of grammaticalization theory. Grammaticalization is defined as the process by which lexical items are gradually converted into grammatical markers, i.e. a dynamic operation by which elements can move over time from one linguistic component to another (from the lexicon to the grammar and eventually, to the morphological component). Auxiliaries are defined both on a syntactic and a semantic basis : formally, they are verbs followed by a non finite verb form (only infinitives are considered here) and semantically, they express one of three notional concepts : time, aspect or modality. The major claim of the paper is that French is the most grammaticalized of the three languages, and Spanish the least. The empirical evidence that supports this hypothesis relates to three kinds of data : the number of verbs that can be analyzed as members of the category AUX, the selectional properties concerning the subject NP (± human NP) and the possible alternation of the infinitival complement with NP complements.