The evolution and biogeographic history of epiphytic thalloid liverworts.
The evolution and biogeographic history of epiphytic thalloid liverworts.
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附生菌体地钱的进化和生物地理学历史
DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107298
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Quandt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bechteler;Schäfer-Verwimp;Glenny;Cargill;Schütz;von Konrat;Quandt
在苔类植物中，附生生活方式不仅存在于叶状植物中，也存在于类生苔类植物中，到目前为止，在进化和生物地理学研究中，这种生活方式还很少受到关注。在这项研究中，我们提供了第一个全面的分子系统发育，包括估计的分歧时间和祖先的范围。分析是基于一个代表大约一半的Metzgeras种多样性的叶绿体标记数据集。我们首次用分子数据证明了奥斯特罗梅兹吉利亚确实是梅泽里亚科的一员，并且有两个形态种M。FurcataandM.Leptoneura不是单系，而是代表地理上定义明确的支系。我们的分析表明，梅兹杰尔在白垩纪开始在包括今天的南美洲和澳大拉西亚的地区实现多样化。因此，Metzgeria是为数不多的已知的附生苔属之一，其生物地理历史直接由Gonwaana替代来塑造。随后新生代的扩散事件导致了亚洲、非洲、北美和欧洲的殖民，并导致了今天其物种的全球分布。我们还为Metzgeriadue提供了第一个可靠的茎年龄估计，将其姊妹分类群Vandiemenie纳入我们的测年分析。此外，这个大约2.4亿年的茎年龄估计很可能标志着梅兹杰里亚目苔类植物从陆地生活方式向附生生活方式转变的起点。我们推测，白垩纪陆地革命在附生苔类的进化中发挥了关键作用，类似于已知的叶状苔类。
Among liverworts, the epiphytic lifestyle is not only present in leafy forms but also in thalloid liverworts, which so far has received little attention in evolutionary and biogeographical studies.Metzgeria, with about 107 species worldwide, is the only genus of thalloid liverworts that comprises true epiphytes. In the present study, we provide the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny, including estimated divergence times and ancestral ranges of this genus. Analyses are based on a plastid marker dataset representing about half of theMetzgeriaspecies diversity. We show for the first time with molecular data thatAustrometzgeriais indeed a member ofMetzgeriaand that two morpho-speciesM. furcataandM. leptoneuraare not monophyletic, but rather represent geographically well-defined clades. Our analyses indicate thatMetzgeriastarted to diversify in the Cretaceous in an area encompassing today’s South America and Australasia. Thus,Metzgeriais one of the few known epiphytic liverwort genera whose biogeographic history was directly shaped by Gondwana vicariance. Subsequent dispersal events in the Cenozoic resulted in the colonization of Asia, Africa, North America, and Europe and led to today’s worldwide distribution of its species. We also provide the first reliable stem age estimate forMetzgeriadue to the inclusion of its sister taxonVandiemeniain our dating analyses. Additionally, this stem age estimate of about 240 million years most likely marks the starting point of a transition from a terrestrial to an epiphytic lifestyle in thalloid liverworts of the Metzgeriales. We assume that the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution played a key role in the evolution of epiphytic thalloid liverworts similar to that known for leafy liverworts.