Overview of occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields and cancer: advancements in exposure assessment.
Overview of occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields and cancer: advancements in exposure assessment.
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职业暴露于电场和磁场与癌症的概述：暴露评估的进展。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
D. Savitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Savitz
十多年来，人们一直担心“电力工人”患癌症的风险可能会增加。与住宅暴露于磁场的研究相比，职业研究包括电场和磁场暴露，并且在场强度、频率和时间模式方面具有更大的可变性。对电气工人白血病的研究显示出中等的一致性，通常观察到风险比升高至 1.2 至 2.0。脑肿瘤的发病率同样升高，但有一定的一致性，最近的三项研究表明男性乳腺癌的风险增加。最近在瑞典中部进行的一项研究对不同职业进行了回顾性暴露评估方法，该研究提供了证据表明从事高暴露职业的男性患慢性淋巴细胞白血病的风险增加。一项针对纽约州电话工作人员的研究结合了测量结果，发现只有基于历史技术的暴露时，白血病风险才会增加。研究人员对南加州的公用事业工人进行了研究，发现根据测量估计的暴露量，他们患白血病和脑癌的风险并未增加。对美国五家公司的电力工作人员正在进行的一项研究采用了广泛的测量协议。职业类别中随机选择的工人佩戴时间积分磁场计，以提供职业类别的暴露估计值。我们能够估计差异并将其划分为日间（最大贡献者）、职业类别内以及职业类别之间的差异。主要研究需要关注暴露分配、历史推断、不同工作环境的研究以及同一研究中居住和职业暴露的整合的工人聚集的最佳水平。
For over ten years, there has been concern with the potential for increased risk of cancer among "electrical workers." In contrast to studies of residential exposure to magnetic fields, occupational studies include electric and magnetic field exposures and have much greater variability in field intensity, frequency, and temporal patterns. Studies of leukemia in electrical workers show a moderate consistency, with elevated risk ratios of 1.2 to 2.0 commonly observed. Brain tumors are similarly elevated with some consistency, and three recent studies have suggested increased risk of male breast cancer. Retrospective exposure assessment methods were advanced in recent studies of diverse occupations in a study in central Sweden, which yielded evidence of increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia among men in more highly exposed occupations. A study of telephone workers in New York State incorporated measurements and found some indication of increased leukemia risk only when exposures were based on historical technology. Utility workers in southern California were studied and found not to have increased risks of leukemia and brain cancer based on exposures estimated with measurements. An ongoing study of electric utility workers at five companies in the United States incorporates an extensive measurement protocol. Randomly selected workers within occupational categories wore a time-integrating magnetic-field meter to provide estimates of exposure for the occupational category. We were able to estimate and partition the variance into between-day (the largest contributor), within occupational categories, and between occupational categories. Principal research needs concern optimal levels of worker aggregation for exposure assignment, historical extrapolation, study of diverse work environments, and integration of residential and occupational exposure in the same study.