Aggression and Violence and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth
Aggression and Violence and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00636.x
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Basch, Charles E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basch, Charles E.
目的：概述城市少数民族学龄青少年中攻击和暴力的流行和差异，攻击和暴力对学业成绩产生不利影响的因果途径，以及学校解决这些问题的已被证明或有希望的方法。最近的国家数据表明，在12至18岁的学生中，发生了大约628 200起暴力犯罪和868 100起盗窃。黑人和西班牙裔人（分别为44.7%和40.4%）比白人（31.7%）更常报告身体打斗。城市的校内威胁和伤害发生率几乎是郊区和城镇或农村地区的两倍（分别为10%对6%和5%）。接触和展示侵略和暴力与不利的教育结果之间的关联有据可查。攻击和暴力阻碍学习的因果途径包括认知、学校连通性和缺勤。破坏性课堂行为是一个公认的和重要的阻碍教学和学习。令人信服的研究表明，各种以学校为基础的计划可以显着减少侵略性和暴力行为的性质和程度。结论：暴力和侵略性行为是高度和不成比例的普遍存在于学龄城市少数民族青年，有负面影响的认知，学校连通性，和缺勤的学业成绩，有效的做法是可供学校解决这个问题。侵略和暴力行为曾经属于刑事司法领域，现在已被确认为教育和公共卫生系统的一个适当和重要的重点。实施以证据为基础的学校政策和计划，以减少侵略和暴力必须是一个高度优先事项，以帮助缩小成绩差距。
OBJECTIVES: To outline the prevalence and disparities of aggression and violence among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which aggression and violence adversely affects academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools to address these problems.METHODS: Literature review.RESULTS: Recent national data indicate that among students aged 12-18, approximately 628,200 violent crimes and 868,100 thefts occurred. Physical fighting was more commonly reported by Blacks and Hispanics (44.7% and 40.4%, respectively) than Whites (31.7%). In-school threats and injuries were nearly twice as prevalent in cities as in suburbs and towns or rural areas (10% vs 6% and 5%, respectively). Associations between exposure to and exhibition of aggression and violence and unfavorable educational outcomes are well documented. Causal pathways through which aggression and violence impede learning include cognition, school connectedness, and absenteeism. Disruptive classroom behavior is a well-recognized and significant impediment to teaching and learning. Compelling research has shown that various school-based programs can significantly reduce the nature and extent of aggressive and violent behaviors.CONCLUSIONS: Violence and aggressive behavior are highly and disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, have a negative impact on academic achievement by adversely affecting cognition, school connectedness, and absenteeism, and effective practices are available for schools to address this problem. Once the domain of criminal justice, aggression and violence are now recognized as an appropriate and important focus of the education and public health systems. Implementing evidence-based school policies and programs to reduce aggression and violence must be a high priority to help close the achievement gap.