DVFS Governor for HPC: Higher, Faster, Greener
DVFS Governor for HPC: Higher, Faster, Greener
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HPC 的 DVFS 调速器：更高、更快、更环保
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
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通讯作者：
J. Pierson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Georges Da Costa;J. Pierson
在高性能计算中，与性能相比，尊重环境通常是次要的：速度越快。由于Exascale计算引起了人们的关注，因此由于当前的Exascale项目可能需要太多的启动，因此电力的疑虑会引起人们的关注。最近的激励措施（最大20MW的Exascale）表明，现实正在赶上HPC中心设计师。除了在硬件基础架构或中间件层面上的古典作品外，我们确实认为系统级解决方案具有降低能源的巨大潜力。此外，HPC社区通常忽略了主要关注原始计算性能的HPC社区。在文献中，能源节省主要是通过两种方法来实现的：任何一种处理器负载是减少处理器频率并确保对原始性能的影响或处理器频率仅在关键路径之外的任务级别管理的唯一指标。在本文中，我们表明，基于瞬时系统值（此处网络活动）的设计和实施DVF（动态电压和频率缩放）机制可以节省多达25％的能耗，同时降低略有性能。在某些情况下，由于最近处理器的热预算，减少能源消耗也会导致性能增加。使用NAS并行基准（NPB），通过在Linux群集上进行的实际实验验证了这项工作。
In High Performance Computing, being respectful of the environment is usually secondary compared to performance: The faster, the better. As Exascale computing is in the spotlight, electric power concerns arise as current exascale projects might need too much power to even boot. A recent incentive (Exascale at maximum 20MW) shows that reality is catching up with HPC center designers. Beyond classical works on hardware infrastructure or at the middleware level, we do believe that system-level solutions have great potential for energy reduction. Moreover energy-reduction has often been neglected by the HPC community that focus mainly on raw computing performance. In the literature, energy savings is achieved mainly by two means: Either processor load is the only metric taken into account to reduce processors frequency and to ensure no impact on raw performances, Or processor frequency is managed only at task level outside the critical path. In this article we show that designing and implementing a DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) mechanism based on instantaneous system values (here network activity) can save up to 25% of energy consumption while reducing marginally performance. In several cases, reducing energy consumption also leads to an increase in performances because of the thermal budget of recent processors. This work is validated with real experiments on a Linux cluster using the NAS Parallel Benchmark (NPB).