Evolutionary conservatism will limit responses to climate change in the tropics
Evolutionary conservatism will limit responses to climate change in the tropics
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2021.0363
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发表时间：
2021-10-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ghalambor, Cameron K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linck, Ethan B.;Freeman, Benjamin G.;Ghalambor, Cameron K.
几个世纪以来，热带山区物种的快速更替一直吸引着生物学家。一个流行的解释是，这种高度β多样性的气候稳定，在低纬度地区促进狭窄的耐热范围的演变，导致当地的适应，进化分歧和parapatric物种形成沿着海拔梯度。然而，一个新兴的共识，从研究跨越遗传学，地理学和行为生态学是，这一过程很少，如果有的话，发生。相反，密切相关的物种通常占据相似的海拔生态位，而海拔生态位不同的物种往往关系更远。这些结果表明，种群对过去环境变化的反应不是适应和分化，而是随着时间的推移改变其分布以紧密跟踪气候。我们认为，热带物种可能会对正在进行的和未来的气候变暖做出类似的反应，这一推断得到了最近范围变化的证据的支持。在热带物种没有广泛就地适应新气候的情况下，保护规划应优先保护大片生境，以促进迁移。
Rapid species turnover in tropical mountains has fascinated biologists for centuries. A popular explanation for this heightened beta diversity is that climatic stability at low latitudes promotes the evolution of narrow thermal tolerance ranges, leading to local adaptation, evolutionary divergence and parapatric speciation along elevational gradients. However, an emerging consensus from research spanning phylogenetics, biogeography and behavioural ecology is that this process rarely, if ever, occurs. Instead, closely related species typically occupy a similar elevational niche, while species with divergent elevational niches tend to be more distantly related. These results suggest populations have responded to past environmental change not by adapting and diverging in place, but instead by shifting their distributions to tightly track climate over time. We argue that tropical species are likely to respond similarly to ongoing and future climate warming, an inference supported by evidence from recent range shifts. In the absence of widespread in situ adaptation to new climate regimes by tropical taxa, conservation planning should prioritize protecting large swaths of habitat to facilitate movement.