Neighborhoods, ethnicity and school choice: Developing a statistical framework for geodemographic analysis
Neighborhoods, ethnicity and school choice: Developing a statistical framework for geodemographic analysis
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DOI：
10.1007/s11113-007-9042-9
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Burgess, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, Richard;Johnston, Ron;Burgess, Simon
地理人口学作为“通过居住地分析人们”的概念起源于城市社会学和社会测绘，并正在经历应用空间人口学的复兴。然而，一些评论者对一般地理人口统计做法的统计局限性表示保留，特别是关注地理人口分组的潜在内部异质性，以及明确确定可能说明或解释地理人口分析所揭示的社会经济模式的预测变量的问题。在本文中，我们认为，地理人口类型学是结构化的方法，用于理解复杂数据集（如国家人口普查数据）中编码的空间和社会经济模式。通过将地理人口统计学视为一个框架，而不是一个分析工具，我们能够将其与多层次建模提供的灵活性和统计惯例相结合。我们证明了这一点，从不同类型的邻居在伯明翰，英格兰的学生是否或多或少可能参加最近的国家资助的中学，以及这种可能性如何随社区的种族组成的案例研究。在这样做的基础上，我们以前的研究表明，学校之间的种族隔离至少等于在英格兰的社区之间，并推测在这方面的后果，目前的政府计划，扩大选择的家长在学校市场。
Geodemographics as the "analysis of people by where they live" has origins in urban sociology and social mapping, and is experiencing a renaissance in applied spatial demography. However, some commentators have expressed reservations about the statistical limitations of common geodemographic practices, especially focusing on the potential internal heterogeneity of the geodemographic groupings, as well as the problem of clearly identifying predictor variables that might account for or explain the socioeconomic patterns revealed by geodemographic analyses. In this paper we argue that geodemographic typologies are structured methods for making sense of the spatial and socioeconomic patterns encoded within complex datasets such as national census data. By treating geodemographics as more a framework than a tool for analysis in its own right we are able to integrate it with the flexibility and statistical conventions offered by multilevel modeling. We demonstrate this with a case study of whether pupils from different types of neighborhood in Birmingham, England are more or less likely to attend their nearest state-funded secondary school and how that likelihood varies with the ethnic composition of the neighborhood. In so doing we build on previous research suggesting that ethnic segregation between schools is at least equal to that between neighborhoods in England and speculate in this regard on the consequences of current government plans to extend choice to parents within a schools market.