The cost of buying land for protected areas in the United States
The cost of buying land for protected areas in the United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110138
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发表时间：
2023-07-06
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Armsworth，Paul R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le Bouille，Diane;Fargione，Joseph;Armsworth，Paul R.
购买土地以建立保护区是一种常见的保护策略，特别是在私有财产权很强的国家。在规划未来的收购时，准确地考虑土地成本的空间异质性可能会节省大量的效率。然而，由于缺乏有关保护组织面临的实际收购成本的数据，导致规划者依赖于更容易获得的代理，如农业土地价值。利用美国大陆公共机构和土地信托公司为保护而收购的近36,000块土地的数据，我们建立了一个模型来预测保护区的收购成本。虽然用于农业或发展的土地成本是预测保护区获取成本变化的有用指标，但它们本身并不能很好地近似这些成本。例如，使用更全面的变量组合，我们的模型解释的实际收购成本的变化几乎是那些的四倍。我们发现，一旦使用其他预测因子，农业土地价值就失去了大部分的解释力，证实了它作为实际收购成本的部分代理。然后，我们使用一个优化模型来比较优先级的建议与我们的新成本估计时，仅依赖于农业土地价值的建议。当使用实际成本数据时，保护投资回报率最高的地点从沿海地区向国家中心转移。保护规划中使用的成本估计应基于实际获得的保护区，因为财产类型和买卖双方的动机与其他土地交易不同。
Buying land to establish protected areas is a common conservation strategy, particularly in countries with strong private property rights. Accurately accounting for spatial heterogeneity in land cost could lead to large efficiency savings when planning future acquisitions. However, lack of data regarding actual acquisition costs faced by conservation organizations has led planners to rely on more readily available proxies, such as agricultural land value. Using data on nearly 36,000 parcels acquired for conservation by public agencies and land trusts in the continental U.S., we built a model predicting protected area acquisition costs. While costs of land for agriculture or development are useful predictors of variation in protected area acquisition costs, they are not, by themselves, good approximations of those costs. For example, using a more comprehensive combination of variables, our model explained almost four times as much variation in actual acquisition costs as those. We found that agricultural land value loses most of its explanatory power once other predictors are used, confirming that it acts as a partial proxy for actual acquisition costs. We then used an optimization model to compare prioritization recommendations with our new cost estimates to those suggested when relying on agricultural land values alone. Locations of highest conservation return on investment shifted from coastal regions toward the country's center, when using actual cost data. Cost estimates used in conservation planning should be based on actual protected area acquisitions, because the type of properties and motivations of buyers and sellers differ from those of other land transactions.