Polyethylene microbeads are more critically toxic to the eyes and reproduction than the kidneys or growth in medaka, Oryzias latipes
Polyethylene microbeads are more critically toxic to the eyes and reproduction than the kidneys or growth in medaka, Oryzias latipes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115957
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Karita，Kanae
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chisada，Shinichi;Yoshida，Masao;Karita，Kanae
许多使用实验动物和野生动物的研究报告了微塑料珠（MP）摄入的负面影响。然而，关于MP的最低观测不良作用水平（LOAEL）的数据仍然有限。我们的目的是评价聚乙烯MP（直径10-63 μm）在繁殖条件下对青鳉（Oryzias latipes）生长、繁殖以及眼睛和肾脏的不良影响水平，以有助于未来涉及LOAEL测定的研究。将鱼暴露于0.009 mg-MP（约1000个颗粒）/L至0.32 mg-MP（约40，000个颗粒）/L，持续12周。通过组织病理学分析评价眼睛和肾脏。尽管组织学分析表明组织中没有MP，但增加MP浓度对眼睛和肾脏以及生殖产生不利影响。在养殖条件下，暴露于≥0.032 mg-MPs/L的鱼产卵数量减少，眼睛发生变化。与未用MP治疗的青鳉相比，眼睛表现出视神经纤维层变薄和视网膜毛细血管扩张。在暴露于≥0.065 mg-MP/L的鱼类中观察到肾脏的变化。与未处理青鳉相比，肾脏肾小球中的系膜基质扩张，表明肾功能恶化。对组织中氧化应激标志物的分析表明，病变进展与氧化应激增加相关。此外，不良影响水平的比较表明，MP对眼睛和生殖的毒性大于肾脏或生长。我们的数据应证明有助于确定聚乙烯珠对脊椎动物的LOAEL，并加强对聚乙烯MP生物毒性机制的理解。
Many studies using experimental and wild animals have reported negative effects of microplastic beads (MPs) ingestion. However, data regarding the lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) of MPs remain limited. Our aim was to evaluate the adverse effect levels of polyethylene MPs (10–63 μm diameter) with respect to growth, reproduction, and the eyes and kidneys of medaka (Oryzias latipes) under breeding conditions to contribute to future research involving LOAEL determinations. Fish were exposed to 0.009 mg-MPs (approximately 1000 particles)/L to 0.32 mg-MPs (approximately 40,000 particles)/L for 12 weeks. The eyes and kidneys were evaluated by histopathologic analysis. Although histologic analyses indicated an absence of MPs in the tissues, the eyes and kidneys as well as reproduction were adversely affected by increasing MP concentrations. The number of spawned eggs decreased, and changes were noted in the eyes of fish exposed to ≥0.032 mg-MPs/L under breeding conditions. The eyes exhibited thinning of the optic nerve fiber layer and dilatation of retinal capillaries compared with medaka not treated with MPs. Changes in the kidneys were observed in fish exposed to ≥0.065 mg-MPs/L. The mesangial matrix in the glomerulus of the kidneys was expanded compared with non-treated medaka, suggesting a deterioration in renal function. Analyses of an oxidative stress marker in the tissues indicated that lesion progression was associated with increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, a comparison of adverse effect levels suggested that MPs were more toxic to the eyes and reproduction than the kidneys or growth. Our data should prove useful for determining the LOAELs of polyethylene beads on vertebrates and enhance understanding of the mechanism underlying the biological toxicity of polyethylene MPs.