The electromagnetic calorimeter for the T2K near detector ND280

The electromagnetic calorimeter for the T2K near detector ND280
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-0221/8/10/p10019
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发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
Journal of Instrumentation
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Dallan;C.Andreopoulos;C.Angelsen;G.J.Barker;G.Barr;S.Bentham;I.Bertram;S.Boyd;K.Briggs;R.G.Calland;J.Carroll;S.L.Cartwright;A.Carver;C.Chavez;G.Christodoulou;J.Coleman;P.Cooke;G.Davies;C.Densham;F. Lodovico;J.Dobson;T.Duboyski;T.Durkin;D.L.Evans;A.Finch;M.Fitton;F.C.Gannaway;A.Grant;N.Grant;S.Grenwood;P.Guzowski;D.Hadley;M.Haigh;P.F.Harrison;A.Hatzikoutelis;T.D.J.Haycock;A.Hyndman;J.Ilic;S.Ives;A.C.Kaboth;V.Kasey;L.Kellet;M.Khaleeq;G.Kogan;L.L.Kormos;M.Lawe;T.B.Lawson;C.Lister;R.P.Litchfield;M.Lockwood;M.Malek;T.Maryon;P.Masliah;K.Mavrokoridis;N.McCauley;I.Mercer;C.Metelko;B.Morgan;J.Morris;A.Muir;M.Murdoch;T.Nicholls;M.Noy;H.M.O'Keeffe;R.A.Owen;D.Payne;G.F.Pearce;J.D.Perkin;E.Poplawska;R.Preece;W.Qian;P.Ratoff;T.Raufer;M.Raymond;M.Reeves;D.Richards;M.Rooney;R.Sacco;S.Sadler;P.Schaack;M.Scott;D.I.Scully;S.Short;M.Siyad;R.Smith;B.Still;P.Sutcliffe;I.J.Taylor;R.Terri;L.F.Thompson;A.Thorley;M.Thorpe;C.Timis;C.Touramanis;M.A.Uchida;Y.Uchida;A.Vacheret;J.F.VanSchalkwyk;O.Veledar;A.V.Waldron;M.A.Ward;G.P.Ward;D.Wark;M.O.Wascko;A.Weber;N.West;L.H.Whitehead;C.Wilkinson;J. Stfc;Daresbury Laboratory;Daresbury;UK.;I. -. London;London;L. University;Lancaster;Queen Mary;U. O. London;Stfc;R. Laboratory;Oxford;U. Liverpool;Liverpool;U. Oxford;U. Sheffield;Sheffield;U. Warwick;Coventry
Dallan;C.Andreopoulos;C.Angelsen;G.J.Barker;G.Barr;S.Bentham;I.Bertram;S.Boyd;K.Briggs;R.G.Calland;J.Carroll;S.L.Cartwright;A.Carver;C.Chavez;G.Christodoulou;J.Coleman;P.Cooke;G.Davies;C.Densham;F. Lodovico;J.Dobson;T.Duboyski;T.Durkin;D.L.Evans;A.Finch;M.Fitton;F.C.Gannaway;A.Grant;N.Grant;S.Grenwood;P.Guzowski;D.Hadley;M.Haigh;P.F.Harrison;A.Hatzikoutelis;T.D.J.Haycock;A.Hyndman;J.Ilic;S.Ives;A.C.Kaboth;V.Kasey;L.Kellet;M.Khaleeq;G.Kogan;L.L.Kormos;M.Lawe;T.B.Lawson;C.Lister;R.P.Litchfield;M.Lockwood;M.Malek;T.Maryon;P.Masliah;K.Mavrokoridis;N.McCauley;I.Mercer;C.Metelko;B.Morgan;J.Morris;A.Muir;M.Murdoch;T.Nicholls;M.Noy;H.M.O'Keeffe;R.A.Owen;D.Payne;G.F.Pearce;J.D.Perkin;E.Poplawska;R.Preece;W.Qian;P.Ratoff;T.Raufer;M.Raymond;M.Reeves;D.Richards;M.Rooney;R.Sacco;S.Sadler;P.Schaack;M.Scott;D.I.Scully;S.Short;M.Siyad;R.Smith;B.Still;P.Sutcliffe;I.J.Taylor;R.Terri;L.F.Thompson;A.Thorley;M.Thorpe;C.Timis;C.Touramanis;M.A.Uchida;Y.Uchida;A.Vacheret;J.F.VanSchalkwyk;O.Veledar;A.V.Waldron;M.A.Ward;G.P.Ward;D.Wark;M.O.Wascko;A.Weber;N.West;L.H.Whitehead;C.Wilkinson;J. Stfc;Daresbury Laboratory;Daresbury;UK.;I. -. London;London;L. University;Lancaster;Queen Mary;U. O. London;Stfc;R. Laboratory;Oxford;U. Liverpool;Liverpool;U. Oxford;U. Sheffield;Sheffield;U. Warwick;Coventry
中科院分区：
工程技术4区
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dallan;C.Andreopoulos;C.Angelsen;G.J.Barker;G.Barr;S.Bentham;I.Bertram;S.Boyd;K.Briggs;R.G.Calland;J.Carroll;S.L.Cartwright;A.Carver;C.Chavez;G.Christodoulou;J.Coleman;P.Cooke;G.Davies;C.Densham;F. Lodovico;J.Dobson;T.Duboyski;T.Durkin;D.L.Evans;A.Finch;M.Fitton;F.C.Gannaway;A.Grant;N.Grant;S.Grenwood;P.Guzowski;D.Hadley;M.Haigh;P.F.Harrison;A.Hatzikoutelis;T.D.J.Haycock;A.Hyndman;J.Ilic;S.Ives;A.C.Kaboth;V.Kasey;L.Kellet;M.Khaleeq;G.Kogan;L.L.Kormos;M.Lawe;T.B.Lawson;C.Lister;R.P.Litchfield;M.Lockwood;M.Malek;T.Maryon;P.Masliah;K.Mavrokoridis;N.McCauley;I.Mercer;C.Metelko;B.Morgan;J.Morris;A.Muir;M.Murdoch;T.Nicholls;M.Noy;H.M.O'Keeffe;R.A.Owen;D.Payne;G.F.Pearce;J.D.Perkin;E.Poplawska;R.Preece;W.Qian;P.Ratoff;T.Raufer;M.Raymond;M.Reeves;D.Richards;M.Rooney;R.Sacco;S.Sadler;P.Schaack;M.Scott;D.I.Scully;S.Short;M.Siyad;R.Smith;B.Still;P.Sutcliffe;I.J.Taylor;R.Terri;L.F.Thompson;A.Thorley;M.Thorpe;C.Timis;C.Touramanis;M.A.Uchida;Y.Uchida;A.Vacheret;J.F.VanSchalkwyk;O.Veledar;A.V.Waldron;M.A.Ward;G.P.Ward;D.Wark;M.O.Wascko;A.Weber;N.West;L.H.Whitehead;C.Wilkinson;J. Stfc;Daresbury Laboratory;Daresbury;UK.;I. -. London;London;L. University;Lancaster;Queen Mary;U. O. London;Stfc;R. Laboratory;Oxford;U. Liverpool;Liverpool;U. Oxford;U. Sheffield;Sheffield;U. Warwick;Coventry

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T2K实验研究了J-Parc加速器复合体和Super-Kamiokande探测器之间的离轴Muon中微子束的振荡。特别强调了通过观察θe次优势振荡的νe现象和在轻子区段寻找CP破坏来测量混合角νμ→ν13。该实验包括一个精密的离轴近探测器ND280，它位于中微子产生目标下游280米处，以测量中微子束的性质，并更好地了解能量尺度低于几个GeV的中微子相互作用。ND280收集的数据用于研究带电和中性电流的中微子相互作用速率和振荡前的运动学，以减少FAR探测器振荡测量的不确定度。NEAR探测器的一个关键部件是ND280电磁量热仪(ECAL)，它由夹在铅片之间的有源闪烁体组成，并用多像素光子计数器(MPPC)读出。ECAL对于中性粒子的重建和带电粒子种类的识别是至关重要的。ECAL围绕着PI-0探测器(POD)和ND280的跟踪区，并封闭在以前的UA1/Nomad偶极磁体中。本文描述了ECAL的设计、建造和组装，以及组成它的材料。讨论了电子和数据采集(DAQ)系统，并描述了ECAL模块的性能，这些模块是由粒子束、宇宙线、校准系统和T2K数据的测量得出的。
The T2K experiment studies oscillations of an off-axis muon neutrino beam between the J-PARC accelerator complex and the Super-Kamiokande detector. Special emphasis is placed on measuring the mixing angle θ13 by observing νe appearance via the sub-dominant νμ → νe oscillation and searching for CP violation in the lepton sector. The experiment includes a sophisticated, off-axis, near detector, the ND280, situated 280 m downstream of the neutrino production target in order to measure the properties of the neutrino beam and to understand better neutrino interactions at the energy scale below a few GeV. The data collected with the ND280 are used to study charged- and neutral-current neutrino interaction rates and kinematics prior to oscillation, in order to reduce uncertainties in the oscillation measurements by the far detector. A key element of the near detector is the ND280 electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal), consisting of active scintillator bars sandwiched between lead sheets and read out with multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs). The ECal is vital to the reconstruction of neutral particles, and the identification of charged particle species. The ECal surrounds the Pi-0 detector (POD) and the tracking region of the ND280, and is enclosed in the former UA1/NOMAD dipole magnet. This paper describes the design, construction and assembly of the ECal, as well as the materials from which it is composed. The electronic and data acquisition (DAQ) systems are discussed, and performance of the ECal modules, as deduced from measurements with particle beams, cosmic rays, the calibration system, and T2K data, is described.