Predictors of marijuana use in adolescents before and after licit drug use: Examination of the gateway hypothesis
Predictors of marijuana use in adolescents before and after licit drug use: Examination of the gateway hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.163.12.2134
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
Clark, Duncan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tarter, Ralph E.;Vanyukov, Michael;Clark, Duncan B.
目的：作者调查了从合法药物使用到大麻使用的转变是否由特定的风险因素决定，正如网关假设所规定的那样。他们还评估了“网关序列”的准确性（非法药物使用合法药物后）用于预测物质使用障碍的诊断。仅使用合法药物的男孩（N = 99），使用合法药物然后过渡到大麻使用的男孩（网关序列）（N = 97），以及在使用合法物质之前吸食大麻的男孩（替代序列）（N = 28）进行了前瞻性研究，从10 - 12岁到22岁，以确定是否特定因素与每种药物使用模式。这些群体在35个测量心理、家庭、同伴、学校和邻里特征的变量上进行了比较。此外，在预测物质使用disorder. Results的网关和替代序列的效用进行了比较，以评估其临床informatives.Results：二十八（22.4%）的参与者使用大麻没有表现出网关序列，从而表明，这种模式是不是不变的吸毒青年。在那些表现出网关模式的年轻人中，只有犯罪行为与大麻使用的关系比合法药物使用的关系更密切。与从合法药物过渡到非法药物有关的具体风险因素没有被揭示。替代序列预测物质使用障碍的网关sequence.Conclusions的准确性相同：倾向于偏差和药物的可用性在附近促进大麻的使用。这些发现支持物质使用行为和物质使用障碍的共同责任模型。
Objective: The authors investigated whether the transition from licit drug use to marijuana use is determined by particular risk factors, as specified by the gateway hypothesis. They also evaluated the accuracy of the "gateway sequence" (illicit drug use following licit drugs) for predicting a diagnosis of substance use disorder.Method: Boys who consumed licit drugs only (N = 99), boys who consumed licit drugs and then transitioned to marijuana use (gateway sequence) (N = 97), and boys who used marijuana before using licit substances (alternative sequence) (N = 28) were prospectively studied from ages 10 12 years through 22 years to determine whether specific factors were associated with each drug use pattern. The groups were compared on 35 variables measuring psychological, family, peer, school, and neighborhood characteristics. In addition, the utility of the gateway and alternative sequences in predicting substance use disorder was compared to assess their clinical informativeness.Results: Twenty-eight (22.4%) of the participants who used marijuana did not exhibit the gateway sequence, thereby demonstrating that this pattern is not invariant in drug-using youths. Among youths who did exhibit the gateway pattern, only delinquency was more strongly related to marijuana use than licit drug use. Specific risk factors associated with transition from licit to illicit drugs were not revealed. The alternative sequence had the same accuracy for predicting substance use disorder as the gateway sequence.Conclusions: Proneness to deviancy and drug availability in the neighborhood promote marijuana use. These findings support the common liability model of substance use behavior and substance use disorder.