The Need to Optimize Adolescent Immunization
The Need to Optimize Adolescent Immunization
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2016-4186
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Bocchini, Joseph A., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernstein, Henry H.;Bocchini, Joseph A., Jr.
青春期预示着儿科患者向成年的过渡。这是一个动态发展的时期，在此期间，有效的预防保健措施可以促进安全行为和终身健康习惯的发展。预防性青少年保健的基础之一是及时接种疫苗，每次就诊都可被视为更新和完成青少年免疫接种的机会。在过去十年中，青少年免疫接种计划已扩大到包括2剂四价脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗，1剂破伤风、白喉、无细胞百日咳、吸收疫苗，2或3剂人乳头瘤病毒疫苗，视儿童年龄而定，以及每年一次的流感疫苗。此外，在青少年访问期间，卫生保健提供者可以确定是否需要进行追加疫苗接种，以满足儿童早期对B型肝炎、甲型肝炎、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、脊髓灰质炎病毒和水痘疫苗的建议。新的血清群B脑膜炎球菌疫苗现在可用于脑膜炎球菌病风险增加的人群;此外，这些血清群B脑膜炎球菌疫苗收到了针对健康青少年的B类建议，其中指出了基于卫生保健提供者判断和患者偏好的个体咨询和风险效益评估。本临床报告通过回顾美国儿科学会、美国家庭医生学会、疾病控制和预防中心以及美国妇产科医师大会每年普遍推荐的青少年免疫接种计划的基本原理，重点关注青少年疫苗可预防疾病的流行病学。此外，还将强调对遵守目前的青少年免疫接种时间表产生负面影响的障碍。
The adolescent period heralds the pediatric patient's transition into adulthood. It is a time of dynamic development during which effective preventive care measures can promote safe behaviors and the development of lifelong health habits. One of the foundations of preventive adolescent health care is timely vaccination, and every visit can be viewed as an opportunity to update and complete an adolescent's immunizations. In the past decade, the adolescent immunization schedule has expanded to include 2 doses of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, 1 dose of tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis, absorbed vaccine, 2 or 3 doses of human papillomavirus vaccine, depending on the child's age, and an annual influenza vaccine. In addition, during adolescent visits, health care providers can determine whether catch-up vaccination is needed to meet early childhood recommendations for hepatitis B; hepatitis A; measles, mumps, rubella; poliovirus; and varicella vaccines. New serogroup B meningococcal vaccines are now available for those at increased risk for meningococcal disease; in addition, these serogroup B meningococcal vaccines received a Category B recommendation for healthy adolescents, where individual counseling and risk-benefit evaluation based on health care provider judgements and patient preferences are indicated. This clinical report focuses on the epidemiology of adolescent vaccine-preventable diseases by reviewing the rationale for the annual universally recommended adolescent immunization schedule of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. In addition, the barriers that negatively influence adherence to this current adolescent immunization schedule will be highlighted.