Challenging Global Development - Towards Decoloniality and Justice
Challenging Global Development - Towards Decoloniality and Justice
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挑战全球发展——迈向非殖民性和正义
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-30308-1_9
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Armijos M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Armijos M
2018年6月3日，危地马拉的奇加格火山1号（更广泛地称为Volcán de Fuego）爆发，对当地个人和社区造成了毁灭性的悲惨后果。由于危地马拉的贫困、排斥和社会侵犯的地方性遗产，这场灾难像以前的许多灾难一样，对那些已经被边缘化的人造成了不成比例的影响。关于这场灾难的影响，目前还没有明确的共识，但据估计，有114至413人死亡，3200人被迫搬到临时住所，总共约有170万人受到某种程度的影响。此外，基础设施、贸易和企业受损造成的损失约为2.14亿美元（CONRED，2018; CEPAL，2018; Romano，2019）。如Few et al.（2021），Hallegatte et al.（2017），Zambrano and Gómez（2015），and Narváez et al.（2009），灾害主要影响那些面临并继续经历认识不公正的人和社区。研究人员已经确定了“风险的根本原因”，并证明人们对灾害的脆弱性在很大程度上是由社会制度、不平等的权力关系和获得资源的差异决定的（维斯纳等人，2004年）。计算风险和潜在经济损失的模型数不胜数，衡量脆弱性的变量被用来为政策提供信息，研究人员继续表明，这些灾害不是自然灾害（如Puttick等人，2018;维斯纳等人，2015年）。
On 3 June 2018, Guatemala’s Chi’gag volcano 1, known more widely as Volcán de Fuego (Fire), erupted, resulting in devastating and tragic consequences for local individuals and communities. Due to Guatemala’s endemic legacy of poverty, exclusion, and social violations, this disaster, like many previously, disproportionately impacted those already marginalised. There is no clear consensus regarding the effects of the disaster, but it is estimated that between 114 and 413 people died, 3200 were forced to move to temporary shelters, and a total of around 1.7 million were in some way impacted. Furthermore, around USD 214 million was lost through damage to infrastructure, trade and businesses (CONRED, 2018; CEPAL, 2018; Romano, 2019). As demonstrated in the works of Few et al.(2021), Hallegatte et al.(2017), Zambrano and Gómez (2015), and Narváez et al.(2009), disasters primarily affect people and communities who have faced and continue to experience epistemic injustice. Researchers have identified the ‘root causes of risk’and demonstrated that peoples’ vulnerability to disaster is largely determined by social systems, unequal power relations and differential access to resources (Wisner et al., 2004). Countless models for calculating risk and potential economic losses exist, variables to measure vulnerability are used to inform policy and researchers continue to show that these disasters are not natural (eg Puttick et al., 2018; Wisner et al., 2015).