Psychological subtyping finds pathological, impulsive, and 'normal' groups among adolescents who self-harm
Psychological subtyping finds pathological, impulsive, and 'normal' groups among adolescents who self-harm
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02067.x
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Jones, Michael P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stanford, Sarah;Jones, Michael P.
背景资料：迄今为止的研究表明，多达12-15%的年轻人从事自我伤害行为;然而，目前对青少年自我伤害的心理基础的理解是有限的。其目的是确定是否青少年自残是一个心理同质的群体。据推测，心理亚型将存在，这些群体将报告不同的自我伤害率。方法：944名11至19岁的学生和166名21岁或以下的一年级心理学学生完成了一份自我报告问卷。参与者年龄在11至21岁之间（平均值= 15.4，SD = 2.1）。62%的样本为女性（n = 692）。学生们被分配到心理上不同的群体。自残者的心理亚型的自残率进行了比较。结果如下：234名参与者报告了终身自我伤害（21.1%; 95% CI 19-23%），78名参与者报告了近期自我伤害（7.0%; 95% CI 6.7-7.3%）。本研究确定了三个心理上相当不同的青少年群体中的那些谁报告自我伤害-心理病理组，心理“正常”组，冲动组。病理组报告的近期自残率最高（50.9%）;心理“正常”组和冲动组报告的自残率相似（分别为28.7%和24.6%）。结论：自我伤害的青少年不是一个心理同质的群体。自残者的一种病理亚型似乎最接近地反映了先前与自残相关的一些心理和社会因素。然而，很大一部分样本被分配到心理“正常”亚型。这一发现强调了对青少年进行心理筛查的重要性，因为自残者的亚型可能需要不同的干预策略。需要进一步的研究，以确定每个亚型的适当治疗策略。
Background: Research to date suggests that as many as 12-15% of young people engage in self-harm behaviour; however, the current understanding of the psychological basis of adolescent self-harm is limited. The objective was to determine whether adolescents who self-harm are a psychologically homogenous group. It was hypothesised that psychological subtypes would exist and these groups would report different rates of self-harm. Method: Nine hundred and forty-four school students aged 11 to 19 and 166 first-year psychology students aged 21 or younger completed a self-report questionnaire. Participants were aged 11 to 21 (mean = 15.4, SD = 2.1). Sixty-two percent of the sample were female (n = 692). Students were allocated to psychologically distinct groups. Rates of self-harm were compared for the psychological subtypes of self-harmers. Results: Two hundred and thirty-four participants reported lifetime self-harm (21.1%; 95% CI 19-23%) and 78 reported recent self-harm (7.0%; 95% CI 6.7-7.3%). The present study identified three psychologically quite distinct groups of adolescents within those who reported self-harm -a psychologically pathological group, a psychologically 'normal' group, and an impulsive group. The pathological group reported the highest rate of recent self-harm (50.9%); the psychologically ` normal' and impulsive groups reported similar rates of self-harm (28.7% and 24.6%, respectively). Conclusions: Adolescents who self-harm are not a psychologically homogenous group. One pathological subtype of self-harmers appears to most closely reflect a number of the psychological and social factors previously associated with self-harm. However, a large proportion of the sample was allocated the psychologically 'normal' subtype. This finding highlights the importance of psychological screening of adolescents presenting for treatment for self-harm as subtypes of selfharmers may require disparate strategies for intervention. Further research is required in order to identify appropriate treatment strategies for each subtype.