A simple genetic architecture underlies morphological variation in dogs.
A simple genetic architecture underlies morphological variation in dogs.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000451
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发表时间：
2010-08-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Ostrander EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyko AR;Quignon P;Li L;Schoenebeck JJ;Degenhardt JD;Lohmueller KE;Zhao K;Brisbin A;Parker HG;vonHoldt BM;Cargill M;Auton A;Reynolds A;Elkahloun AG;Castelhano M;Mosher DS;Sutter NB;Johnson GS;Novembre J;Hubisz MJ;Siepel A;Wayne RK;Bustamante CD;Ostrander EA
迄今为止最大的家犬形态遗传研究确定了控制近100种形态性状的基因，并确定了该物种内表型变异的重要趋势。家犬表现出巨大的表型多样性，包括比任何其他陆生哺乳动物更大的体型变化。在这里，我们通过对来自80个家犬品种、83个野生犬科动物和10个远交非洲收容所犬的915只犬进行基因分型，在60，968个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）中生成了犬遗传变异的高密度图谱。耦合这个基因组资源与外部测量品种标准和个人以及骨骼测量博物馆标本，我们确定了51个区域的狗基因组与品种之间的表型变异在57个性状。复杂的性状包括平均品种的身体大小和外部身体尺寸和颅骨，牙齿和长骨的形状和大小与和不异速生长缩放。与人类和驯化植物中数量性状的关联作图结果相反，我们发现，在狗品种中，少数数量性状基因座（≤3）解释了我们研究的大多数性状的大部分表型变异。此外，许多基因组区域显示出最近选择的特征，其中大多数高度分化的区域与品种定义性状相关，如身体大小，被毛特征和耳朵松软。我们的研究结果表明，使用基因型个体数据库在家犬中绘制多个性状的有效性，并强调了人为选择在改变这一重要物种关键性状的遗传结构中所发挥的重要作用。狗为研究控制形态的基因提供了一个独特的系统。来自80个家养品种的915只狗以及一组野狗的DNA在超过60，000个变异点进行了测试，并使用新方法分析了数据集，以找到调节身体大小，头部形状，腿长，耳朵位置和许多其他特征的基因座。因为每个狗品种都经历了育种者的强烈选择，以具有特定的外观，所以在基因组的区域中存在强烈的选择足迹，这些区域对于控制定义每个品种的性状非常重要。这些分析确定了基因组的新区域或基因座，这些区域在控制身体大小和形状方面很重要。我们的研究结果是在如此高水平的遗传细节下研究的最大数量的家犬，证明了狗作为寻找控制哺乳动物身体计划的基因的模型的力量。此外，我们表明，在狗的形式显着的多样性，与其他一些物种的研究，到目前为止，似乎有一个简单的遗传基础为主的基因的主要影响。
The largest genetic study to date of morphology in domestic dogs identifies genes controlling nearly 100 morphological traits and identifies important trends in phenotypic variation within this species. Domestic dogs exhibit tremendous phenotypic diversity, including a greater variation in body size than any other terrestrial mammal. Here, we generate a high density map of canine genetic variation by genotyping 915 dogs from 80 domestic dog breeds, 83 wild canids, and 10 outbred African shelter dogs across 60,968 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Coupling this genomic resource with external measurements from breed standards and individuals as well as skeletal measurements from museum specimens, we identify 51 regions of the dog genome associated with phenotypic variation among breeds in 57 traits. The complex traits include average breed body size and external body dimensions and cranial, dental, and long bone shape and size with and without allometric scaling. In contrast to the results from association mapping of quantitative traits in humans and domesticated plants, we find that across dog breeds, a small number of quantitative trait loci (≤3) explain the majority of phenotypic variation for most of the traits we studied. In addition, many genomic regions show signatures of recent selection, with most of the highly differentiated regions being associated with breed-defining traits such as body size, coat characteristics, and ear floppiness. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of mapping multiple traits in the domestic dog using a database of genotyped individuals and highlight the important role human-directed selection has played in altering the genetic architecture of key traits in this important species. Dogs offer a unique system for the study of genes controlling morphology. DNA from 915 dogs from 80 domestic breeds, as well as a set of feral dogs, was tested at over 60,000 points of variation and the dataset analyzed using novel methods to find loci regulating body size, head shape, leg length, ear position, and a host of other traits. Because each dog breed has undergone strong selection by breeders to have a particular appearance, there is a strong footprint of selection in regions of the genome that are important for controlling traits that define each breed. These analyses identified new regions of the genome, or loci, that are important in controlling body size and shape. Our results, which feature the largest number of domestic dogs studied at such a high level of genetic detail, demonstrate the power of the dog as a model for finding genes that control the body plan of mammals. Further, we show that the remarkable diversity of form in the dog, in contrast to some other species studied to date, appears to have a simple genetic basis dominated by genes of major effect.
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影响因子：
7
作者：
Auton, Adam;Bryc, Katarzyna;Bustamante, Carlos D.
通讯作者：
Bustamante, Carlos D.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Kerns, JA;Newton, J;Barsh, GS
通讯作者：
Barsh, GS
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Lohmueller, Kirk E.;Bustamante, Carlos D.;Clark, Andrew G.
通讯作者：
Clark, Andrew G.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bannasch D;Young A;Myers J;Truvé K;Dickinson P;Gregg J;Davis R;Bongcam-Rudloff E;Webster MT;Lindblad-Toh K;Pedersen N
通讯作者：
Pedersen N
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Buckler, Edward S.;Holland, James B.;McMullen, Michael D.
通讯作者：
McMullen, Michael D.