Impacts of climate change on fisheries
Impacts of climate change on fisheries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.015
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发表时间：
2010-02-10
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Brander, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brander, Keith
人为气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响的证据正在积累，但必须在整个人类历史上造成渔业波动的“正常”气候周期和多变性的背景下进行评估。对渔业的影响是由于一些物理和化学因素的各种直接和间接影响，这些因素包括温度、风、垂直混合、盐度、氧气、酸碱度和其他。这些直接影响对个体的生理、发育速度、生殖、行为和生存产生影响，在某些情况下可以通过实验和受控条件进行研究。间接影响通过生态系统过程和食物生产的变化或竞争对手、捕食者和病原体的大量产生而起作用。回顾了最近关于气候对初级生产的影响的研究，并通过区域实例评估了对渔业生产的影响。区域例子也被用来显示浮游生物和鱼类的分布和物候的变化，这归因于气候。文中还讨论了不连续和极端事件(体制变化、异常暖期)的作用。可以通过实验和分析实地数据，特别是通过收集区域实例的比较数据，来研究鱼类种群过程的变化。尽管我们现有的知识在许多方面是不完整的，但它为改进渔业和海洋生态系统的管理以及适应气候变化提供了充分的基础。为了适应不断变化的气候，未来的监测和研究必须与反应迅速、灵活和灵活的管理系统密切联系起来。(C)2009爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Evidence of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems is accumulating, but must be evaluated in the context of the "normal" climate cycles and variability which have caused fluctuations in fisheries throughout human history. The impacts on fisheries are due to a variety of direct and indirect effects of a number of physical and chemical factors, which include temperature, winds, vertical mixing, salinity, oxygen, pH and others. The direct effects act on the physiology, development rates, reproduction, behaviour and survival of individuals and can in some cases be studied experimentally and in controlled conditions. Indirect effects act via ecosystem processes and changes in the production of food or abundance of competitors, predators and pathogens. Recent studies of the effects of climate on primary production are reviewed and the consequences for fisheries production are evaluated through regional examples. Regional examples are also used to show changes in distribution and phenology of plankton and fish, which are attributed to climate. The role of discontinuous and extreme events (regime shifts, exceptional warm periods) is discussed. Changes in fish population processes can be investigated in experiments and by analysis of field data, particularly by assembling comparative data from regional examples. Although our existing knowledge is in many respects incomplete it nevertheless provides an adequate basis for improved management of fisheries and of marine ecosystems and for adapting to climate change. in order to adapt to changing climate, future monitoring and research must be closely linked to responsive, flexible and reflexive management systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.