1989 Alice Hamilton lecture. Lead and human health: background and recent findings.
1989 Alice Hamilton lecture. Lead and human health: background and recent findings.
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1989 年爱丽丝·汉密尔顿演讲。
DOI：
10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80179-3
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Lippmann,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lippmann,M
本文是在爱丽丝·汉密尔顿 (Alice Hamilton) 博士 120 岁生日之际撰写的，回顾了她对职业性铅中毒及其控制的开创性研究，她对公众通过使用含铅燃料而广泛接触铅可能产生的后果提出了基本上被忽视的警告，以及最近关于人类在一般环境中接触铅及其健康影响的研究结果。有证据表明，对于血铅浓度低于 25 μg/dl 的儿童，剂量相关的非阈值效应会产生多种影响，包括言语智商；智力发展；物理尺寸；以及身体里程碑的年龄，例如迈出第一步、听力阈值和姿势摇摆。对于成年人来说，多项研究表明血压与血铅浓度低于 35 μg/dl 之间存在关联，这表明可能对心血管健康产生影响。虽然造成这些影响的生物机制仍然知之甚少，但最近和当前通过几乎消除汽油和食品包装中的铅来减少铅接触的努力表明，我们已经学到了汉密尔顿博士的重要教训之一，即减少过度接触的最有效方法是通过控制环境来源。
This paper, prepared in tribute to Dr. Alice Hamilton on her 120th birthday, reviews her pioneering studies of occupational lead poisoning and its control, her largely unheeded warnings about the possible consequences of widespread lead exposure to the general public through the use of leaded fuel, and the results of recent studies of human exposure to and health effects of lead in the general environment. Evidence is presented for dose-related non-threshold effects for children with blood lead concentrations below 25 μg/dl for a variety of effects including verbal IQ; mental development; physical size; and age at physical milestones such as first steps, hearing thresholds, and postural sway. For adults, various studies have produced associations between blood pressure and blood lead concentrations below 35 μg/dl, suggesting possible effects on cardiovascular health. While the biological mechanisms responsible for these effects remain poorly understood, recent and current efforts to reduce exposure to lead by the virtual elimination of lead in gasoline and food packaging show that we have learned one of Dr. Hamilton's important lessons, i.e., that the most effective means of reducing excessive exposures are through control of the environmental sources.