An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes
An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Yeager, Steve G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ilicak, Mehmet;Drange, Helge;Yeager, Steve G.
在本文中，我们比较了15个全球海洋海冰模型的协调海洋-海冰参考实验，第二阶段（CORE-II）的框架内模拟北冰洋。这些模式大多数是耦合模式相互比较项目第五阶段试验中使用的耦合气候模式的海洋和海冰组成部分。主要研究了北极内陆水文、大西洋水层状况以及戴维斯海峡、白令海峡、弗拉姆海峡和巴伦支海口门的热量和体积输送。我们发现，北冰洋的温度在模型之间有很大的差异，与中间深度的观测温度相比，通常差异很大。暖偏差模式对通过弗拉姆海峡进入北冰洋的大西洋水的入流有较强的温度异常。另一个在CORE-II模型中没有准确表示的过程是来自东部大陆架的冷水和稠密水的形成。在冷偏差模式中，过多的冷水形成于巴伦支海，并通过圣安娜海峡扩散到北冰洋。通过弗拉姆海峡和巴伦支海开口，模拟的平均热量和体积输送有很大的差异。模式同意更多的年代际变化，在很大程度上决定了共同的大气强迫。我们的结论是，CORE-II模型研究有助于我们了解北冰洋的关键偏差。目前的粗分辨率最先进的海洋模型需要改进，以准确表示大西洋水流入北极和来自大陆架的密度流。(C)2016作者爱思唯尔有限公司出版
In this paper we compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II). Most of these models are the ocean and sea-ice components of the coupled climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments. We mainly focus on the hydrography of the Arctic interior, the state of Atlantic Water layer and heat and volume transports at the gateways of the Davis Strait, the Bering Strait, the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. We found that there is a large spread in temperature in the Arctic Ocean between the models, and generally large differences compared to the observed temperature at intermediate depths. Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait. Another process that is not represented accurately in the CORE-II models is the formation of cold and dense water, originating on the eastern shelves. In the cold bias models, excessive cold water forms in the Barents Sea and spreads into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Through. There is a large spread in the simulated mean heat and volume transports through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. The models agree more on the decadal variability, to a large degree dictated by the common atmospheric forcing. We conclude that the CORE-II model study helps us to understand the crucial biases in the Arctic Ocean. The current coarse resolution state-of-the-art ocean models need to be improved in accurate representation of the Atlantic Water inflow into the Arctic and density currents coming from the shelves. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.