Influenza virus transmission: basic science and implications for the use of antiviral drugs during a pandemic.
Influenza virus transmission: basic science and implications for the use of antiviral drugs during a pandemic.
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DOI：
10.2174/187152607783018736
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发表时间：
2007-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anice C. Lowen;P. Palese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anice C. Lowen;P. Palese
最近和正在进行的人畜共患禽流感病毒感染突出了传播在流感大流行发展中的重要性。尽管H5N1流感病毒能够生长到高滴度并在人类宿主中造成严重疾病，但这些病毒并不能在人与人之间有效传播。因此，需要哪些病毒、宿主和环境因素才能使流感病毒具有传播性，这一问题已经成为非常热门的问题。最近在雪貂模型中的工作表明，受体结合特异性是一个重要因素，但仅有类似人类的受体识别特性不足以赋予可传递的表型。除了雪貂，豚鼠已被确定为传播研究的有用模式宿主。需要使用这些模型进行进一步的研究，以了解可能发生传播的分子环境。抗病毒药物在减轻流感大流行方面的关键作用将是在生产适当的疫苗时减缓感染的传播。因此，抗病毒药物在预防传播方面的效力非常重要。虽然金刚烷、金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺在这方面被发现由于耐药变种的高传播性而失败，但神经氨酸酶抑制剂奥司他韦和扎那米韦显示出更大的希望。开发中的抗流感药物在减轻疾病或病毒生长方面显示出有效性，也应该测试其阻断传播的潜力。
Recent and ongoing zoonotic infections of humans with avian influenza viruses have highlighted the importance of transmission in the development of an influenza pandemic. Despite the ability of H5N1 influenza viruses to grow to high titers and cause severe disease in human hosts, these viruses do not spread efficiently from human-to-human. The question of what viral, host and environmental factors are required to render an influenza virus transmissible has therefore become very topical. Recent work in the ferret model has suggested that receptor binding specificity is an important factor, but that the trait of human-like receptor recognition alone is not sufficient to confer a transmissible phenotype. In addition to the ferret, the guinea pig has been identified as a useful model host for transmission studies. Further research using these models is needed, toward understanding the molecular circumstances under which transmission can occur. A crucial role of antiviral drugs in mitigating an influenza pandemic will be to slow the spread of infection while an appropriate vaccine is in production. The efficacy of antivirals in preventing transmission is therefore of great importance. While the adamantanes, amantadine and rimantadine, have been found to fail in this respect due to the high transmissibility of drug resistant variants, the neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, show more promise. Anti-influenza drugs in development which show efficacy in terms of mitigating disease or viral growth should also be tested for their potential to block transmission.