STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF RECOVERY IN PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA : IV. THE MECHANISM OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IN THE ABSENCE OF ANTIBODY.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF RECOVERY IN PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA : IV. THE MECHANISM OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IN THE ABSENCE OF ANTIBODY.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.84.4.387
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发表时间：
1946-09-30
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Watson B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wood WB;Smith MR;Watson B
1. 先前出版物中已有证据表明，化疗期间肺炎球菌在肺炎肺中的吞噬作用既不是由于特定调理素，也不是由于包膜损伤 (1, 2)。目前的研究表明，肺部发生的吞噬作用独立于任何中间因素，是吞噬细胞对肺炎球菌直接作用的结果。 2. 在没有抗体的情况下的吞噬作用不仅在活体大鼠的肺中得到证实，而且在福尔马林固定的肺中、在各种组织（新鲜从动物中取出的和先前被热“杀死”的）的表面上以及在湿滤纸、布和玻璃纤维等惰性材料的表面上得到证实。另一方面，玻璃、玻璃纸、白蛋白和石蜡等光滑材料无法支持吞噬反应。后一个观察结果表明，白细胞所接触的表面的物理特性构成了非抗体吞噬机制的决定因素。 3.进一步的实验已经确定了“表面吞噬作用”与特定调理素诱导的吞噬作用之间的关系。研究发现，非抗体机制仅在具有合适物理特性的表面上起作用，而调理素使吞噬细胞能够在流体介质中自由漂浮以吞噬完全封装的生物体。 4. 肺表面现象的直接可视化显示，白细胞只有在将有毒生物体捕获到肺泡壁上之后，才在没有抗体的情况下吞噬它们。一旦封装的肺炎球菌被摄入，它们就会在几个小时内被消化。表面吞噬现象的发现澄清了以前未解答的有关肺炎球菌肺炎恢复机制的问题。
1. Evidence has been presented in previous publications that the phagocytosis of pneumococci in the pneumonic lung during chemotherapy is due neither to specific opsonins nor to capsular injury (1, 2). The present studies have shown that the phagocytosis taking place in the lung is independent of any sort of intermediary factor and results from a direct action of the phagocytic cells upon the pneumococci. 2. Phagocytosis in the absence of antibody has been demonstrated not only in the lungs of living rats but in formalin-fixed lungs, on the surfaces of a variety of tissues (both freshly removed from the animal and previously "killed" with heat), and on the surfaces of such inert materials as moistened filter paper, cloth, and fiber glass. On the other hand, smooth materials such as glass, cellophane, albumin, and paraffin have failed to support the phagocytic reaction. This latter observation indicates that the physical character of the surface to which the leucocytes have access constitutes a determining factor in the non-antibody mechanism of phagocytosis. 3. Further experiments have defined the relationship of "surface phagocytosis" to that induced by specific opsonins. The non-antibody mechanism was found to operate only upon surfaces of suitable physical properties, whereas opsonins enabled phagocytes floating freely in a fluid medium to engulf the fully encapsulated organisms. 4. Direct visualization of the surface phenomenon in the lung revealed that leucocytes phagocyte the virulent organisms in the absence of antibody only after having trapped them against the alveolar walls. Once the encapsulated pneumococci have been ingested, they can be seen to undergo digestion within a few hours. The discovery of the phenomenon of surface phagocytosis affords clarification of previously unanswered problems concerning the mechanism of recovery in pneumococcal pneumonia.