Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Research in the Last Decade
Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Research in the Last Decade
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023341
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Uljarevic, Mirko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leekam, Susan R.;Prior, Margot R.;Uljarevic, Mirko
限制和重复行为（RRB）是自闭症谱系障碍的核心特征。它们构成了学习和社会适应的主要障碍，但对其定义、原因和变革能力的研究相对被忽视。过去十年的研究带来了新的测量技术，改善了RRB的描述。研究还确定了自闭症谱系障碍中RRB的独特亚型。对RRB的潜在因果起源和直接触发因素的研究仍处于早期阶段。然而，从神经生物学和发展心理学中出现了有前途的新想法和证据，这些想法和证据将神经适应、缺乏环境刺激、唤醒和适应功能确定为RRB发作和维持的关键因素。需要进一步的研究来了解这些因素如何相互作用，以创造和维持非典型水平的RRB。文献表明，RRB具有随时间自发降低的潜力，并且对于那些年龄增加以及认知和语言能力增加的人来说，这一点会增强。关于干预措施的研究很少。药物治疗对某些儿童有帮助，但有不良副作用。行为干预方法提供了更好的干预选择，具有积极的效果，但迫切需要一种更系统和更有针对性的方法。有证据表明，我们将从过去十年的研究中学习最好的方法是从发展的角度出发，将未来的研究导向RRB的亚型，并在这些行为变得根深蒂固之前实施针对性的早期干预以改善RRB。
Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core feature of autism spectrum disorders. They constitute a major barrier to learning and social adaptation, but research on their definition, cause, and capacity for change has been relatively neglected. The last decade of research has brought new measurement techniques that have improved the description of RRBs. Research has also identified distinctive subtypes of RRBs in autism spectrum disorders. Research on potential causal origins and immediate triggers for RRBs is still at an early stage. However, promising new ideas and evidence are emerging from neurobiology and developmental psychology that identify neural adaptation, lack of environmental stimulation, arousal, and adaptive functions as key factors for the onset and maintenance of RRBs. Further research is needed to understand how these factors interact with each other to create and sustain atypical levels of RRB. The literature indicates that RRBs have the potential to spontaneously reduce across time, and this is enhanced for those with increased age and cognitive and language ability. Research on interventions is sparse. Pharmacological treatments can be helpful in some children but have adverse side effects. Behavioral intervention methods provide the better intervention option with positive effects, but a more systematic and targeted approach is urgently needed. Evidence suggests that we will learn best from the last decade of research by taking a developmental perspective, by directing future research toward subtypes of RRBs, and by implementing early intervention targeted to improve RRBs before these behaviors become entrenched.