Social Role-Play Games Vs Individual Perceptions of Conservation and PES Agreements for Maintaining Rubber Agroforests in Jambi (Sumatra), Indonesia
Social Role-Play Games Vs Individual Perceptions of Conservation and PES Agreements for Maintaining Rubber Agroforests in Jambi (Sumatra), Indonesia
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印度尼西亚占碑（苏门答腊岛）橡胶农林的社会角色扮演游戏与个人对保护和 PES 协议的看法
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Noordwijk
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作者：
G. Villamor;M. Noordwijk
财政激励既可以支持也可以破坏与加强环境服务相适应的社会规范。外部co-investment-e.g。通过减少毁林和退化排放项目（REDD）和生态认证的激励措施，我们需要通过了解当地的动态和自由事先知情同意的条件，与当地的努力协同作用。我们利用问卷调查和角色扮演游戏（RPG）评估了橡胶农林农民在现有保护协议下的认知和行为，作为建立农业生物多样性制度化奖励机制的一步。据我们所知，这是第一次尝试应用这种方法组合来探索对环境服务支付的看法。研究结果显示，研究地点具有强烈的保护信仰体系和社会规范，有迹象表明，在角色扮演游戏的社会背景下，个人对将旧橡胶农林转化为油棕的兴趣受到抑制，从而导致当地社会农业生物多样性利益的私人收益和损失。在游戏中，尽管村里的收入有下降的迹象，但所有外部机构为在村里获得油棕立足点而提出的财务投标都被拒绝了。在RPG中推广生态认证计划的代理取得了成功，而在游戏中获得的回应可以帮助该计划的实际推出，而不会产生对其经济利益的不切实际的期望。共同投资计划需要更高程度的信任和业绩衡量的明确性，必须处理个人偏好与社区一级规划和决定之间的潜在差异，同时认识到社会规范会影响个人在面对其他选择时的反应。
Financial incentives can both support and undermine social norms compatible with environmental service enhancement. External co-investment—e.g., through incentives from programs to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) and eco-certification—needs to synergize with local efforts by understanding local dynamics and conditions for free and prior informed consent. We assessed the perceptions and behavior of rubber agroforest farmers under existing conservation agreements as a step toward institutionalized reward schemes for agro-biodiversity using questionnaires and role- playing games (RPG). To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply such a combination of methods to explore the perceptions of payments for environmental services (PES). Results revealed a strong conservation belief system and social norms in the research site, with indications that individual interest in converting old rubber agroforest to oil palm, with consequent private gain and loss of local social agro- biodiversity benefits, is suppressed in the social context of a role-playing game. In the game, all financial bids by external agents to secure an oil palm foothold in the village, were rejected despite indications of declining income in the village. Agents promoting an eco-certification scheme in the RPG had success and the responses obtained in the game can assist in the actual rollout of such a scheme without creating unrealistic expectations of its financial benefits. Co-investment schemes that require higher levels of trust and clarity of performance measures will have to address the potential discrepancy between individual preferences and community-level planning and decisions, while recognizing that social norms color the responses of individuals when presented with alternatives.