Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of gas and dust mixtures

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of gas and dust mixtures
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气体和粉尘混合物的平滑颗粒流体动力学模拟

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stv1486
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Booth R
Booth R
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Booth R

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在测试粒子极限下,我们提出了光滑粒子流体力学(SPH)中尘埃的“双流体”实现。该方案能够处理短停止时间和长停止时间,并再现了短摩擦时间限制,这在其他实现中没有得到适当的处理。我们应用新的测试来验证它的准确性和局限性,包括以前没有应用于阻力耦合尘埃问题的多维测试,这些测试与自引力原行星盘特别相关。我们的测试展示了精确模拟气体-尘埃混合物的几个关键要求。首先,在标准SPH中,粒子抖动可以降解尘埃溶液,即使气体密度重现得很好。使用积分梯度、Wendland核和大量邻居可以控制这一点,尽管计算成本更高。其次,当需要限制人工粘度时,我们建议使用库伦和德南开关,因为替代方案使用α和∼0.1,可能会在尘埃颗粒中产生高达σv≲或0.3cc的大速度噪声。第三,我们发现,准确的尘埃密度估计需要400个邻居,因为与气体不同,尘埃颗粒不会感受到正则化力。这种密度噪波适用于所有基于粒子的双流体粉尘实现,与流体解算器无关,并可能导致数值诱导的碎片。尽管我们的试验表明精确的粉尘气体模拟是可能的,但必须注意将数值噪声的贡献降至最低。
We present a ‘two-fluid’ implementation of dust in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) in the test particle limit. The scheme is able to handle both short and long stopping times and reproduces the short friction time limit, which is not properly handled in other implementations. We apply novel tests to verify its accuracy and limitations, including multidimensional tests that have not been previously applied to the drag-coupled dust problem and which are particularly relevant to self-gravitating protoplanetary discs. Our tests demonstrate several key requirements for accurate simulations of gas–dust mixtures. First, in standard SPH particle jitter can degrade the dust solution, even when the gas density is well reproduced. The use of integral gradients, a Wendland kernel and a large number of neighbours can control this, albeit at a greater computational cost. Secondly, when it is necessary to limit the artificial viscosity we recommend using the Cullen & Dehnen switch, since the alternative, using α ∼ 0.1, can generate a large velocity noise up to σv≲ 0.3csin the dust particles. Thirdly, we find that an accurate dust density estimate requires >400 neighbours, since, unlike the gas, the dust particles do not feel regularization forces. This density noise applies to all particle-based two-fluid implementations of dust, irrespective of the hydro solver and could lead to numerically induced fragmentation. Although our tests show accurate dusty gas simulations are possible, care must be taken to minimize the contribution from numerical noise.
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