Hot dogs: High ambient temperatures impact reproductive success in a tropical carnivore
Hot dogs: High ambient temperatures impact reproductive success in a tropical carnivore
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热狗：高温会影响热带食肉动物的繁殖成功率
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
J. Mcnutt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Woodroffe;Rosemary J. Groom;Rosemary J. Groom;J. Mcnutt
气候变化迫切需要认识和保护可能受到最严重影响的物种。然而，虽然生态学家主要探讨了环境温度上升对温带和极地物种的间接影响，但生理学家预测了对热带物种的直接影响。非洲野狗（Lycaon pictus）是一种热带物种，几乎没有表现出通常用于预测气候变化脆弱性的特征。然而，我们预测野狗种群可能对天气条件敏感，因为该物种在其大部分地理范围内表现出强烈的季节性繁殖。我们利用来自博茨瓦纳（20°S，24年），肯尼亚（0°N，12年）和津巴布韦（20°S，6年）的长期野狗监测数据，探索了天气条件，生殖成本和生殖成功之间的关联。高环境温度与减少觅食时间，特别是在精力昂贵的小狗饲养期间。在所有三个网站，包饲养幼崽在高环境温度下产生的新兵比那些饲养幼崽在凉爽的天气;在非季节性肯尼亚网站这样的包也有较长的出生间隔。随着时间的推移，博茨瓦纳（监测时间最长的）地点的环境温度上升与野狗招募下降相吻合。我们的研究结果表明，高环境温度对非洲野狗人口统计的直接影响，表明这种已经在全球濒临灭绝的物种可能非常容易受到气候变化的影响。这种脆弱性会被简单化的基于特质的评估所忽略，这突出了这种评估的局限性。季节性繁殖在低纬度地区比在高纬度地区更少见，这可能是热带物种气候变化脆弱性的一个有用指标。
Climate change imposes an urgent need to recognise and conserve the species likely to be worst affected. However, while ecologists have mostly explored indirect effects of rising ambient temperatures on temperate and polar species, physiologists have predicted direct impacts on tropical species. The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), a tropical species, exhibits few of the traits typically used to predict climate change vulnerability. Nevertheless, we predicted that wild dog populations might be sensitive to weather conditions, because the species shows strongly seasonal reproduction across most of its geographical range. We explored associations between weather conditions, reproductive costs, and reproductive success, drawing on long-term wild dog monitoring data from sites in Botswana (20°S, 24 years), Kenya (0°N, 12 years), and Zimbabwe (20°S, 6 years). High ambient temperatures were associated with reduced foraging time, especially during the energetically costly pup-rearing period. Across all three sites, packs which reared pups at high ambient temperatures produced fewer recruits than did those rearing pups in cooler weather; at the non-seasonal Kenya site such packs also had longer inter-birth intervals. Over time, rising ambient temperatures at the (longest-monitored) Botswana site coincided with falling wild dog recruitment. Our findings suggest a direct impact of high ambient temperatures on African wild dog demography, indicating that this species, which is already globally endangered, may be highly vulnerable to climate change. This vulnerability would have been missed by simplistic trait-based assessments, highlighting the limitations of such assessments. Seasonal reproduction, which is less common at low latitudes than at higher latitudes, might be a useful indicator of climate change vulnerability among tropical species.