Deconstructing the pharyngeal metamere
Deconstructing the pharyngeal metamere
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.21182
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发表时间：
2008-06-15
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Graham, Anthony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graham, Anthony
所有脊椎动物胚胎的一个显著特征是在头部的侧面存在一系列隆起，即咽弓。这些结构构成一个同色异谱系列，每个拱形成一组类似的衍生物。值得注意的是，咽弓的发育是复杂的，因为它涉及不同的胚胎细胞类型之间的相互作用：外胚层，内胚层，中胚层和神经嵴。越来越明显的是，咽后节的发育围绕着咽内胚层。这种组织的分割是足弓产生的关键。咽内胚层还为神经嵴提供位置线索，并参与咽后节的许多成分的诱导。咽内胚层的分割也是咽同色异谱进化的关键。内胚层分割可能是后口动物的特征，这种基本模式随后被修改，随着时间的推移，脊椎动物出现了更复杂的咽后节。
A prominent feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches. These structures constitute a metameric series, with each arch forming a similar set of derivatives. Significantly, the development of the pharyngeal arches is complex as it involves interactions between disparate embryonic cell types: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm and neural crest. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the development of the pharyngeal metamere revolves around the pharyngeal endoderm. The segmentation of this tissue is central to the generation of the arches. The pharyngeal endoderm also provides positional cues for the neural crest, and is involved in the induction of a number of components of the pharyngeal metamere. The segmentation of the pharyngeal endoderm has also been key to the evolution of pharyngeal metamerism. It is likely that endodermal segmentation is a deuterostome characteristic and that this basic pattern was sequentially modified and over time the more complex pharyngeal metamere of vertebrates emerged.