Spermatogonial stem cells in higher primates: are there differences from those in rodents?
Spermatogonial stem cells in higher primates: are there differences from those in rodents?
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DOI：
10.1530/rep-09-0255
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发表时间：
2010-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Orwig KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hermann BP;Sukhwani M;Hansel MC;Orwig KE
精原干细胞（spermatogonialstemcells，SSCs）在哺乳动物的整个生殖过程中维持着精子的发生。虽然单个精原细胞组成了啮齿动物的SSC库，但灵长类动物生精谱系中干细胞库的身份尚未完全确定。目前流行的模型是，灵长类精子发生来自Adark和Apale精原细胞，它们被认为分别代表储备和活性干细胞。然而，关于Adark和Apale对细胞核形态的描述如何与克隆（单个，配对A对齐）、分子（例如，GFRα1，PLZF）和功能（SSC移植）描述。因此，需要使用过去二十年来用于研究啮齿动物SSC的标准、工具和方法来研究灵长类SSC。干细胞在治疗某些男性不育症方面具有潜在的临床应用，为灵长类动物（非人类和人类）中表征和学习操纵这些成体组织干细胞提供了动力。本文综述了灵长类精原干细胞异种移植功能鉴定方法的发展以及灵长类生精细胞系的分子和克隆特征的研究进展。这些观察结果突出了啮齿类动物和灵长类动物之间关于SSC库和精原细胞自我更新和克隆扩张动力学的相似性和潜在差异。有了研究灵长类精原细胞的新工具和试剂，该领域准备开发和测试有关灵长类精原细胞生物学和再生能力的新假设。
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) maintain spermatogenesis throughout the reproductive life of mammals. While Asingle spermatogonia comprise the rodent SSC pool, the identity of the stem cell pool in the primate spermatogenic lineage is not well established. The prevailing model is that primate spermatogenesis arises from Adark and Apale spermatogonia, which are considered to represent reserve and active stem cells, respectively. However, there is limited information about how the Adark and Apale descriptions of nuclear morphology correlate with the clonal (Asingle, Apaired Aaligned), molecular (e.g., GFRα1, PLZF) and functional (SSC transplantation) descriptions of rodent SSCs. Thus, there is a need to investigate primate SSCs using criteria, tools, and approaches that have been used to investigate rodent SSCs over the past two decades. SSCs have potential clinical application for treating some cases of male infertility, providing impetus for characterizing and learning to manipulate these adult tissue stem cells in primates (nonhuman and human). This review recounts the development of a xenotransplant assay for functional identification of primate SSCs and progress dissecting the molecular and clonal characteristics of the primate spermatogenic lineage. These observations highlight similarities and potential differences between rodents and primates regarding the SSC pool and the kinetics of spermatogonial self-renewal and clonal expansion. With new tools and reagents for studying primate spermatogonia, the field is poised to develop and test new hypotheses about the biology and regenerative capacity of primate SSCs.