The effect of survey mode and sampling on inferences about political attitudes and behavior: Comparing the 2000 and 2004 ANES to Internet surveys with nonprobability samples
The effect of survey mode and sampling on inferences about political attitudes and behavior: Comparing the 2000 and 2004 ANES to Internet surveys with nonprobability samples
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DOI：
10.1093/pan/mpm003
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Krosnick, Jon A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malhotra, Neil;Krosnick, Jon A.
自 20 世纪 40 年代美国全国选举研究 (ANES) 启动以来，数据都是通过在美国成年人的区域概率样本成员家中进行面对面访谈来收集的，这与美国人口普查局、其他联邦机构和一些非政府研究人员在当今进行的许多最引人注目的调查中使用的黄金标准方法相同。本文探讨了是否可以通过一种不同的、成本低得多的方法获得有关选民和选举的可比较的结果：从志愿者受访者的非概率样本中收集互联网数据。将 2000 年和 2004 年 ANES 数据（通过对全国概率样本进行面对面访谈收集）与同时对志愿者样本进行的互联网调查进行比较，发现变量分布和变量之间的关联存在许多差异（甚至控制了样本之间报告的政治兴趣差异）。在 88% 的可能比较中，面对面/概率样本数据的准确性高于互联网/志愿者样本数据。这表明，有兴趣确保其研究结果在描述人群时的准确性的研究人员应该依赖于概率样本的面对面调查，而不是志愿者受访者的互联网样本。
Since the inception of the American National Election Study (ANES) in the 1940s, data have been collected via face-to-face interviewing in the homes of members of area probability samples of American adults, the same gold-standard approach used by the U.S. Census Bureau, other federal agencies, and some nongovernment researchers for many of the most high-profile surveys conducted today. This paper explores whether comparable findings about voters and elections would be obtained by a different, considerably less expensive method: Internet data collection from nonprobability samples of volunteer respondents. Comparisons of the 2000 and 2004 ANES data (collected via face-to-face interviewing with national probability samples) with simultaneous Internet surveys of volunteer samples yielded many differences in the distributions of variables and in the associations between variables (even controlling for differences between the samples in reported interest in politics). Accuracy was higher for the face-to-face/probability sample data than for the Internet/volunteer sample data in 88% of the possible comparisons. This suggests that researchers interested in assuring the accuracy of their findings in describing populations should rely on face-to-face surveys of probability samples rather than Internet samples of volunteer respondents.