Comparative thoracic anatomy of the wild type and wingless (wg1cn1) mutant of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)
Comparative thoracic anatomy of the wild type and wingless (wg1cn1) mutant of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.007
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Beutel, Rolf Georg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fabian, Benjamin;Schneeberg, Katharina;Beutel, Rolf Georg
转基因生物对于我们理解基因调控网络、生理过程和个体发育是至关重要的。随着现代分子遗传学技术允许快速产生不同的黑腹果蝇突变体，有效深入的形态研究成为一个重要的问题。解剖学研究可以阐明某些基因在发育过程中的作用，并指出基因调控网络的哪些部分参与了形态结构的进化变化。黑腹隐翅虫的无翅突变WG(1)是在40多年前发现的。虽然早期的研究涉及这些突变体的外部表型，但对内部组织的记录在很大程度上仅限于突出的间接飞行肌肉。我们用扫描电子显微镜、组织切片、计算机断层扫描、激光共聚焦显微镜和三维重建技术对野生型和突变型胸廓骨骼肌系统进行了研究和记录。最近引入的新翅目昆虫肌肉组织的命名法被应用于便于与近亲或更远的类群进行比较。该突变的表型主要特征是缺少一只或两只翅膀和笼头。翅膀部分或全部被中鼻孔结构的重复所取代，而帽状肌及其相关肌肉在身体两侧完全缺失，显示出减少。直接和间接间胸肌都会受到束或纤维丢失和重新定向的影响。我们的观察得出的结论是，无翼突变导致翅膀和缰鸟的想象盘发生同源同源转换，直接影响骨骼结构的发育，并间接影响相关的肌肉系统。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Genetically modified organisms are crucial for our understanding of gene regulatory networks, physiological processes and ontogeny. With modern molecular genetic techniques allowing the rapid generation of different Drosophila melanogaster mutants, efficient in-depth morphological investigations become an important issue. Anatomical studies can elucidate the role of certain genes in developmental processes and point out which parts of gene regulatory networks are involved in evolutionary changes of morphological structures. The wingless mutation wg(1) of D. melanogaster was discovered more than 40 years ago. While early studies addressed the external phenotype of these mutants, the documentation of the internal organization was largely restricted to the prominent indirect flight muscles. We used SEM micrographs, histological serial sections, mu-computed tomography, CLSM and 3D reconstructions to study and document the thoracic skeletomuscular system of the wild type and mutant. A recently introduced nomenclature for the musculature of neopteran insects was applied to facilitate comparisons with closely or more distantly related taxa. The mutation is phenotypically mainly characterized by the absence of one or both wings and halteres. The wing is partly or entirely replaced by duplications of mesonotal structures, whereas the haltere and its associated muscles are completely absent on body sides showing the reduction. Both the direct and indirect mesothoracic flight muscles are affected by loss and reorientation of bundles or fibers. Our observations lead to the conclusion that the wingless mutation causes a homeotic transformation in the imaginal discs of wings and halteres with a direct effect on the development of skeletal structures and an indirect effect on the associated muscular system. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.