Available data support protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act
Available data support protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act
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现有数据支持《濒危物种法》对西南柳鹟的保护
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Ironside
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Theimer;A. Smith;Sean M. Mahoney;K. Ironside
摘要Zink（2015）认为，联邦濒危的西南杨柳霸鹟（Empidonax traillii extimus）和其他杨柳霸鹟亚种之间没有遗传、形态或生态差异的证据。利用相同的数据，我们发现在mtDNA单倍型频率和羽毛变异中存在一个阶跃渐变，与目前公认的E. t. extimus和E. t adastus，与它共享最长共同边界的亚种。羽毛变化的地理模式也与以前的歌曲分析区分这2个亚种和确定鸟类在一个低纬度，高海拔地区在亚利桑那州的北方亚种。我们还证明了Zink所使用的生态位建模方法无论是应用于2个霸鹟亚种还是2个不相关的物种，E。t. exttimus和黄莺（Setophaga petechia）。因此，任何解释这些结果作为证据缺乏生态位分化之间的杨柳霸鹟亚种也表明没有分化之间的公认的物种，因此将是一个不适当的标准划定亚种。我们同意，许多分析技术，现在可以检查遗传，形态和生态分化，将提高我们的理解的独特性（或缺乏）的杨柳凤蝶亚种，但我们认为，目前可用的证据支持保护西南杨柳凤蝶濒危物种法。
ABSTRACT Zink (2015) argued there was no evidence for genetic, morphological, or ecological differentiation between the federally endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) and other Willow Flycatcher subspecies. Using the same data, we show there is a step-cline in both the frequency of a mtDNA haplotype and in plumage variation roughly concordant with the currently recognized boundary between E. t. extimus and E. t adastus, the subspecies with which it shares the longest common boundary. The geographical pattern of plumage variation is also concordant with previous song analyses differentiating those 2 subspecies and identified birds in one low-latitude, high-elevation site in Arizona as the northern subspecies. We also demonstrate that the ecological niche modeling approach used by Zink yields the same result whether applied to the 2 flycatcher subspecies or to 2 unrelated species, E. t. extimus and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). As a result, any interpretation of those results as evidence for lack of ecological niche differentiation among Willow Flycatcher subspecies would also indicate no differentiation among recognized species and would therefore be an inappropriate standard for delineating subspecies. We agree that many analytical techniques now available to examine genetic, morphological, and ecological differentiation would improve our understanding of the distinctness (or lack thereof) of Willow Flycatcher subspecies, but we argue that currently available evidence supports protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act.