Site-selective, stereocontrolled glycosylation of minimally protected sugars.

Site-selective, stereocontrolled glycosylation of minimally protected sugars.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-022-04958-w
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发表时间:
2022-08
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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低聚糖构筑的一般有效方法的确定是合成化学领域面临的巨大挑战之一。没有保护的糖和其他多羟基亲核试剂的选择性糖基化是一个特别重要的目标,不仅需要控制形成键的立体化学,而且需要在立体化学复杂的背景下区分相似活性的亲核位点。化学家通常依靠多步保护基团策略来实现糖基化反应中的位点控制,但实际应用这些方法直接导致效率低下。在这里,我们描述了一种新的策略,利用精确设计的双硫脲小分子催化剂,对未保护或最小保护的单糖和双糖进行小分子催化剂控制、高度立体和位置选择性的糖基化反应。从而实现了多种多官能团亲核试剂的立体选择性和位置选择性的半乳糖化和甘露糖化。动力学和计算研究提供的证据表明,位点选择性来自于稳定催化剂和亲核试剂之间的C-H/π相互作用,类似于糖结合蛋白中记录的那些。这项工作表明,高选择性的糖基化反应可以通过控制稳定的非共价相互作用来实现,这是一种潜在的碳水化合物选择性官能化的一般策略。
The identification of general and efficient methods for the construction of oligosaccharides stands as one of the great challenges for the field of synthetic chemistry. Selective glycosylation of unprotected sugars and other polyhydroxylated nucleophiles is a particularly significant goal, requiring not only control over the stereochemistry of the forming bond but also differentiation between similarly reactive nucleophilic sites in stereochemically complex contexts. Chemists have generally relied on multi-step protecting-group strategies to achieve site control in glycosylations, but practical inefficiencies arise directly from the application of such approaches. We describe here a new strategy for small-molecule-catalyst-controlled, highly stereo- and site-selective glycosylations of unprotected or minimally protected mono- and disaccharides using precisely designed bis-thiourea small-molecule catalysts. Stereo- and site-selective galactosylations and mannosylations of a wide assortment of polyfunctional nucleophiles is thereby achieved. Kinetic and computational studies provide evidence that site selectivity arises from stabilizing C–H/π interactions between the catalyst and the nucleophile, analogous to those documented in sugar-binding proteins. This work demonstrates that highly selective glycosylation reactions can be achieved through control of stabilizing noncovalent interactions, a potentially general strategy for selective functionalization of carbohydrates.
碳水化合物化学中的保护基团:对糖基化立体选择性的影响
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