Public goods: from market efficiency to democratic effectiveness
Public goods: from market efficiency to democratic effectiveness
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公共物品：从市场效率到民主有效性
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
S. Khoo
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作者：
S. Khoo
本文探讨了公益物的概念，回应了在变化的背景下重新思考公益物的呼吁（Desai，2003：73），并扩大了全球范围（Kaul et al，2003; Kaul，2006）。第一部分探讨了公共产品作为一个概念框架的经济“效率”和“市场失灵”。下一节指出了从市场失灵理论到国家失灵理论的转变，使公共产品陷入僵局。讨论比较了关于个人和集体行动、公共服务和政府的作用和性质的不同观点和假设。它考察了“有效市场可能不起作用”（Bator，1958; Bozeman，2002）的论点，将主流经济学对“市场失灵”的担忧与“公共价值失灵”（Bozeman，2002; Haglund，2010）和“令人讨厌的市场”（Kanbur，2001）的替代观点进行了对比。下一节确定了替代的经济传统，并期待一个新的概念化的公共产品。适应全球公共产品理论，“新公共产品”的方法代表了传统经济学的一个出发点。它补充了一个替代的想法，或“其他”，经济与民主的关注和“公共价值”的问题的经典。结论考虑了基于这种新方法的公共产品建议以及可能产生的一些政策影响。
This contribution examines the concept of public goods, responding to calls to rethink public goods given a changed context (Desai, 2003: 73) and widening global scope (Kaul et al, 2003; Kaul, 2006). The first section explores public goods as a concept framed in terms of economic ‘efficiency’ and ‘market failure’. The next section notes a transition from market-failure to state-failure theory, leaving public goods at an impasse. The discussion compares differing perspectives and assumptions about the role and character of individual and collective action, public service and government. It examines the contention that ‘efficient markets may not do’ (Bator, 1958; Bozeman, 2002), contrasting mainstream economics concerns with ‘market failure’ with alternative ideas of ‘public-value failure’ (Bozeman, 2002; Haglund, 2010) and ‘obnoxious markets’ (Kanbur, 2001). The following section identifies alternative economic traditions and looks to a new conceptualisation of public goods. Adapting global public goods theory, a ‘new public goods’ approach represents a departure from conventional economics. It supplements the ideas of an alternative, or ‘other’, economic canon with democratic concerns and questions of ‘public value’. The conclusion considers proposals for public goods based on this new approach and some policy implications that might follow.