Language background shapes third-party communication expectations in 14-month-old infants
Language background shapes third-party communication expectations in 14-month-old infants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104292
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sebastian-Galles, N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colomer, M.;Sebastian-Galles, N.
婴儿期望用母语和非母语进行交流，即在第三方之间传递信息。在这里，我们探讨了婴儿是否理解交流取决于使用共享的常规系统（例如，说同一种语言），以及语言输入（单语与双语）是否影响婴儿对谁可以与谁交流的期望。14个月大的单语和双语婴儿与两个女演员谁说不同的语言（实验1）或相同的外语（实验2）。在测试中，其中一名女演员说出一句外语句子（沟通者），以告知另一名女演员（接受者）她对两个她无法到达的物体之一的偏好。当两个女演员属于同一语言群体时，婴儿期望他们之间进行有效的交流。然而，当他们演示说不同的语言时，只有双语者期望沟通者的信息能有效地传递给接受者--他们发现更令人惊讶的是，接受者给沟通者的是非首选对象（与首选对象相比）。研究结果表明，只有当个体共享相同的常规系统时，婴儿才会期望言语在第三方之间传达信息。此外，研究结果表明，与单语者不同，双语者希望他们的母语的发言者有机会获得多种传统系统。
Infants expect native and non-native speech to communicate, i.e. to transfer information between third-parties. Here, we explored if infants understand that communication depends on the use of shared conventional systems (e.g. speaking the same language), and if linguistic input (monolingual vs. bilingual) influences infants' expectations about who can communicate with whom. Fourteen-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants were presented with two actresses who spoke distinct languages (Experiment 1) or the same foreign language (Experiment 2). At test, one of the actresses uttered a foreign-language sentence (communicator) to inform the other actress (recipient) about her preference for one of two objects she could not reach. Infants expected effective communication between the two actresses when they belonged to the same linguistic group. When they demonstrated to speak distinct languages, however, only bilinguals expected that the communicator's message would be effectively transmitted to the recipient -they found more surprising the condition in which the recipient gave to the communicator the non-preferred object (vs. the preferred). The results suggest that infants expect speech to convey information between third-parties only when individuals share the same conventional system. In addition, the results suggest that, unlike monolinguals, bilinguals expect speakers of their native-language to have access to multiple conventional systems.