A Model of Ancient Community Structure in the Maya Lowlands
A Model of Ancient Community Structure in the Maya Lowlands
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玛雅低地古代群落结构模型
DOI：
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发表时间：
1965
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Coe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Coe
在经典玛雅人的纪念性训示能够被阅读之前，这些人的社会组织必须保持神秘。然而，对于尤卡坦半岛征服前晚期的玛雅人来说，有一些有趣的民族历史资料可以解释这可能是什么样子的;当然，在使用这些资料时，应该记住尤卡坦人已经忍受了大约五六个世纪的墨西哥统治，因此一定受到了相应的影响。尽管如此，关于墨西哥中部说纳瓦语的民族的生活方式的信息已经足够详细，应该有可能发现并排除这些影响，给我们留下一个可能是土生土长的玛雅结构的残余。关于尤卡坦半岛最重要的早期资料来源是大约1566年由迭戈·德·兰达主教（Diego de Landa）编纂的玛雅生活百科全书（Tozzer 1941）。其他重要的资料来源，也是西班牙语的，是《尤卡坦关系》（1898-1900年），其中包括尤卡坦encomenderos（西班牙土地男爵）对1577年王室发出的一份问卷的回答。在以罗马文字书写的、与尤卡坦半岛古代玛雅人生活有关的玛雅著作中，第一位必须是所谓的《奇拉姆·巴拉姆之书》，这是殖民时代晚期对古代玛雅文本的汇编（其中一些几乎可以肯定是象形文字原件的抄本），并添加了欧洲材料;大多数尚未出版。在奇拉姆巴拉姆的书中发现了玛雅编年史，声称要给出事件的实际序列，但其中历史和预言交织在一起，
UNTIL THE MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS of the Classic Maya can be read, the social organization of these people must remain enigmatic. However, for the late pre-Conquest Maya of the Yucatan peninsula there are some interesting ethnohistoric sources which give a glimmering of what this might have been like; of course, in using such sources it should be remembered that the Yucatec had endured some five or six centuries of Mexican rule and must have been influenced accordingly. Nonetheless, the information on the mode of life of the Nahua-speaking peoples of central Mexico is sufficiently detailed that it should be possible to detect and to factor out such influences, leaving us with a residue of probably autochthonous Maya structure. The greatest of the early sources on Yucatan is the encyclopedia on Maya life compiled in about 1566 by Bishop Diego de Landa (Tozzer 1941). Other important sources, also in the Spanish language, are the Relaciones de Yucatan (1898-1900), comprising answers by Yucatecan encomenderos (Spanish land barons) to a questionnaire sent in 1577 by the Crown. Among Maya writings in Roman script bearing on ancient Maya life in Yucatan, first place must be given to the so-called Books of Chilam Balam, late Colonial compilations of ancient Maya texts (some almost certainly transcriptions of hieroglyphic originals) with the addition of European material; most remain unpublished. In the Books of Chilam Balam are found the Maya Chronicles, purporting to give actual sequences of events but in which history and prophecy are intertwined in the